republic-os/legal/us/code/title-20/chapter-38/section-1687.md

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LegalText	20 U.S.C. § 1687	Interpretation of “program or activity”	us	united_states_code	code_section	20	EDUCATION	38	DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX OR BLINDNESS	1687	20 U.S.C. § 1687	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t20/s1687	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml	72744dc6631d345b6f98beeec9729aebe01e3b59f8d8549505370fdb94fcdf45	6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052	8adc73c52847b5febee4f642ac5af4755b5582b851101b1278c90593fb29fa06	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

20 U.S.C. § 1687 - Interpretation of “program or activity”

Text

For the purposes of this chapter, the term “program or activity” and “program” mean all of the operations of—

(1) (A) a department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or of a local government; or

(B) the entity of such State or local government that distributes such assistance and each such department or agency (and each other State or local government entity) to which the assistance is extended, in the case of assistance to a State or local government;

(2) (A) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a public system of higher education; or

(B) a local educational agency (as defined in section section 11 So in original. 7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;

(3) (A) an entire corporation, partnership, or other private organization, or an entire sole proprietorship—

(i) if assistance is extended to such corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole proprietorship as a whole; or

(ii) which is principally engaged in the business of providing education, health care, housing, social services, or parks and recreation; or

(B) the entire plant or other comparable, geographically separate facility to which Federal financial assistance is extended, in the case of any other corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole proprietorship; or

(4) any other entity which is established by two or more of the entities described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3);

any part of which is extended Federal financial assistance, except that such term does not include any operation of an entity which is controlled by a religious organization if the application of section 1681 of this title to such operation would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, § 908, as added Pub. L. 100–259, § 3(a), Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 28; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(g), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1076(j), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2091; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(bb), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2173.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThis chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title IX of Pub. L. 92–318 which enacted this chapter and amended sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2000c, 2000c–6, 2000c–9, and 2000h–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.

Amendments2015—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted “section 7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;” for “7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;”. 2002—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted “7801” for “8801”. 1994—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 103–382 substituted “section 8801” for “section 2854(a)(10)”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.

Findings of CongressPub. L. 100–259, § 2, Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 28, provided that: “The Congress finds that— “(1) certain aspects of recent decisions and opinions of the Supreme Court have unduly narrowed or cast doubt upon the broad application of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.], section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 794], the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 [42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.], and title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.]; and “(2) legislative action is necessary to restore the prior consistent and long-standing executive branch interpretation and broad, institution-wide application of those laws as previously administered.”

ConstructionPub. L. 100–259, § 7, Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 31, provided that: “Nothing in the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note under section 1681 of this title] shall be construed to extend the application of the Acts so amended [Education Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92–318, see Short Title of 1972 Amendment, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 701 et seq., Age Discrimination Act of 1975, 42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq., and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.] to ultimate beneficiaries of Federal financial assistance excluded from coverage before the enactment of this Act [Mar. 22, 1988].”

Abortion NeutralityThis section not to be construed to force or require any individual or hospital or any other institution, program, or activity receiving Federal funds to perform or pay for an abortion, see section 8 of Pub. L. 100–259, set out as a note under section 1688 of this title.