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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 28 U.S.C. § 4103 Removal us united_states_code code_section 28 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 181 FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 4103 28 U.S.C. § 4103 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip /us/usc/t28/s4103 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml 081c7bec58d58b79bb03d9a7c34c5fe113a2a1b84c51e82c04902cf4f7677782 3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf 2ae4157759e477a5b97d49b3dfae938cd8fa07e2f74c1af8f35ca63e0c781d25 2026-07-04 official
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28 U.S.C. § 4103 - Removal

Text

In addition to removal allowed under section 1441, any action brought in a State domestic court to enforce a foreign judgment for defamation in which—

(1) any plaintiff is a citizen of a State different from any defendant;

(2) any plaintiff is a foreign state or a citizen or subject of a foreign state and any defendant is a citizen of a State; or

(3) any plaintiff is a citizen of a State and any defendant is a foreign state or citizen or subject of a foreign state,

may be removed by any defendant to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending without regard to the amount in controversy between the parties.

(Added Pub. L. 111223, § 3(a), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2383.)