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LegalText 28 U.S.C. § 1455 Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions us united_states_code code_section 28 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE 89 DISTRICT COURTS; REMOVAL OF CASES FROM STATE COURTS 1455 28 U.S.C. § 1455 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip /us/usc/t28/s1455 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml 7403be56d4fd42b6a2e450ddd6614a3e14ba00d50db157e67632d48d4cb130a7 3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf 034e4b42bfda3dc5cc1743a0301c65a1941484c716e632beb92db98f3ca316e9 2026-07-04 official
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28 U.S.C. § 1455 - Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions

Text

(a) Notice of Removal.— A defendant or defendants desiring to remove any criminal prosecution from a State court shall file in the district court of the United States for the district and division within which such prosecution is pending a notice of removal signed pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and containing a short and plain statement of the grounds for removal, together with a copy of all process, pleadings, and orders served upon such defendant or defendants in such action.

(b) Requirements.— (1) A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall be filed not later than 30 days after the arraignment in the State court, or at any time before trial, whichever is earlier, except that for good cause shown the United States district court may enter an order granting the defendant or defendants leave to file the notice at a later time.

(2) A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall include all grounds for such removal. A failure to state grounds that exist at the time of the filing of the notice shall constitute a waiver of such grounds, and a second notice may be filed only on grounds not existing at the time of the original notice. For good cause shown, the United States district court may grant relief from the limitations of this paragraph.

(3) The filing of a notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall not prevent the State court in which such prosecution is pending from proceeding further, except that a judgment of conviction shall not be entered unless the prosecution is first remanded.

(4) The United States district court in which such notice is filed shall examine the notice promptly. If it clearly appears on the face of the notice and any exhibits annexed thereto that removal should not be permitted, the court shall make an order for summary remand.

(5) If the United States district court does not order the summary remand of such prosecution, it shall order an evidentiary hearing to be held promptly and, after such hearing, shall make such disposition of the prosecution as justice shall require. If the United States district court determines that removal shall be permitted, it shall so notify the State court in which prosecution is pending, which shall proceed no further.

(c) Writ of Habeas Corpus.— If the defendant or defendants are in actual custody on process issued by the State court, the district court shall issue its writ of habeas corpus, and the marshal shall thereupon take such defendant or defendants into the marshals custody and deliver a copy of the writ to the clerk of such State court.

(Added Pub. L. 11263, title I, § 103(c), Dec. 7, 2011, 125 Stat. 761.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThe Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective DateSection effective upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on Dec. 7, 2011, and applicable to any action or prosecution commenced on or after such effective date, with provisions for treatment of cases removed to Federal court, see section 105 of Pub. L. 11263, set out as an Effective Date of 2011 Amendment note under section 1332 of this title.