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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 35 U.S.C. § 186 Penalty us united_states_code code_section 35 PATENTS 17 SECRECY OF CERTAIN INVENTIONS AND FILING APPLICATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRY 186 35 U.S.C. § 186 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc35@119-100.zip /us/usc/t35/s186 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-35/usc35.xml 9e6592973f25c462d9bbb7ed6dcd898319fed4bf1b99186eb6ce35e2d1b1f5f5 736cab508592dcf50013a1aed5ab108f72fd8493e76afc46848cdc35da38bbe3 f232a3b918953fff7af7ac96057efbac85df59dc1a48634e37d751ac66f5c07b 2026-07-04 official
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35 U.S.C. § 186 - Penalty

Text

Whoever, during the period or periods of time an invention has been ordered to be kept secret and the grant of a patent thereon withheld pursuant to section 181, shall, with knowledge of such order and without due authorization, willfully publish or disclose or authorize or cause to be published or disclosed the invention, or material information with respect thereto, or whoever willfully, in violation of the provisions of section 184, shall file or cause or authorize to be filed in any foreign country an application for patent or for the registration of a utility model, industrial design, or model in respect of any invention made in the United States, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both.

(July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 100418, title IX, § 9101(b)(3), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1568; Pub. L. 11229, § 20(j), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 335.)

Notes

Historical and Revision NotesBased on Title 35, U.S.C., 1946 ed., § 156 (Feb. 1, 1952, ch. 4, § 6, 66 Stat. 5, 6). Language is changed.

Editorial Notes

Amendments2011—Pub. L. 11229 struck out “of this title” after “181” and after “184”. 1988—Pub. L. 100418, which directed the insertion of “willfully” after second reference to “whoever”, was executed by making the insertion after “or whoever”, as the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2011 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 11229 effective upon the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on Sept. 16, 2011, and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after that effective date, see section 20(l) of Pub. L. 11229, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100418 applicable, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions, to all United States patents, and to all licenses under section 184 of this title, regardless of the date such patents or licenses are granted, and to all applications for such patents pending on or filed after Aug. 23, 1988, see section 9101(d) of Pub. L. 100418, set out as a note under section 184 of this title.