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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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LegalText 42 U.S.C. § 300aa31 Citizens actions us united_states_code code_section 42 THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE 6A PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 300aa31 42 U.S.C. § 300aa31 current 119-100 2026-06-26 official https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc42@119-100.zip /us/usc/t42/s300aa31 data/legal/raw/us/code/title-42/usc42.xml d0711e37cf248c4753ba8ec3f846394392451afe5da5e105fe1d3a99c3f0711b 644321055a08eb1f260a6a3e31ac157fa024756abf612a9fd6857e7e400cf24e c1f5eae087fee3ecd642884ae406b23e0742e1fde1fb9a5e5e909dea9865d715 2026-07-04 official
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42 U.S.C. § 300aa31 - Citizens actions

Text

(a) General rule Except as provided in subsection (b), any person may commence in a district court of the United States a civil action on such persons own behalf against the Secretary where there is alleged a failure of the Secretary to perform any act or duty under this part.

(b) Notice No action may be commenced under subsection (a) before the date which is 60 days after the person bringing the action has given written notice of intent to commence such action to the Secretary.

(c) Costs of litigation The court, in issuing any final order in any action under this section, may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to any plaintiff who substantially prevails on one or more significant issues in the action.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XXI, § 2131, as added Pub. L. 99660, title III, § 311(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3778; amended Pub. L. 100203, title IV, § 4305, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330224.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

Amendments1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100203, which directed that subsec. (c) be amended by substituting “to any plaintiff who substantially prevails on one or more significant issues in the action” for “to any party, whenever the court determines that such award is appropriate”, was executed by making the substitution for “to any party, whenever the court determines such award is appropriate”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective DateSubpart effective Dec. 22, 1987, see section 323 of Pub. L. 99660, set out as a note under section 300aa1 of this title.