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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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| LegalText | 46 U.S.C. § 109 | Foreign commerce or trade | us | united_states_code | code_section | 46 | SHIPPING | 1 | DEFINITIONS | 109 | 46 U.S.C. § 109 | current | 119-100 | 2026-06-26 | official | https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc46@119-100.zip | /us/usc/t46/s109 | data/legal/raw/us/code/title-46/usc46.xml | dac39e24a61621e72ed8f43e46c25c6376dbe4563a748f8d27e7c9d8693b306e | eb1331aa3c08ed87231a3606d86b30d1b5942cdf8542f6a3df8ac1d66e86057f | e81a6a0f4a5238e818792b163b2551a1295f61575ed61b895361df403dc36ec2 | 2026-07-04 | official |
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46 U.S.C. § 109 - Foreign commerce or trade
Text
(a) In General.— In this title, the terms “foreign commerce” and “foreign trade” mean commerce or trade between a place in the United States and a place in a foreign country.
(b) Capital Construction Funds and Construction-Differential Subsidies.— In the context of capital construction funds under chapter 535 of this title, and in the context of construction-differential subsidies under title V of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the terms “foreign commerce” and “foreign trade” also include, in the case of liquid and dry bulk cargo carrying services, trading between foreign ports in accordance with normal commercial bulk shipping practices in a manner that will permit bulk vessels of the United States to compete freely with foreign bulk vessels in their operation or competition for charters, subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 4, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1487.)
Notes
Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 10946 App.:1244(a).June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title IX, § 905(a), 49 Stat. 2016; June 23, 1938, ch. 600, § 39(a), 52 Stat. 964; Pub. L. 91–469, § 28, Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 92–402, § 2, Aug. 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(133)(A), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 165. In subsection (a), the words “its Territories or possessions, or the District of Columbia” are omitted because of the definition of “United States” in this chapter.
Editorial Notes
References in TextThe Merchant Marine Act, 1936, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 29, 1936, ch. 858, 49 Stat. 1985. Title V of the Act enacted provisions set out as notes under section 53101 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1936 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.