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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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| LegalText | 46 U.S.C. § 30706 | Defenses | us | united_states_code | code_section | 46 | SHIPPING | 307 | LIABILITY OF WATER CARRIERS | 30706 | 46 U.S.C. § 30706 | current | 119-100 | 2026-06-26 | official | https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc46@119-100.zip | /us/usc/t46/s30706 | data/legal/raw/us/code/title-46/usc46.xml | f99b2f5dcfa981c3bf10edb067f3ef6c90c774dd2c3e62211d306be68288dc28 | eb1331aa3c08ed87231a3606d86b30d1b5942cdf8542f6a3df8ac1d66e86057f | 3a621c39bd2af0e3af81ef5baa3dda2a159ac2a6278022aa89df158455c91bc0 | 2026-07-04 | official |
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46 U.S.C. § 30706 - Defenses
Text
(a) Due Diligence.— If a carrier has exercised due diligence to make the vessel in all respects seaworthy and to properly man, equip, and supply the vessel, the carrier and the vessel are not liable for loss or damage arising from an error in the navigation or management of the vessel.
(b) Other Defenses.— A carrier and the vessel are not liable for loss or damage arising from—
(1) dangers of the sea or other navigable waters;
(2) acts of God;
(3) public enemies;
(4) seizure under legal process;
(5) inherent defect, quality, or vice of the goods;
(6) insufficiency of package;
(7) act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods or their agent; or
(8) saving or attempting to save life or property at sea, including a deviation in rendering such a service.
(Pub. L. 109–304, § 6(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1517.)
Notes
Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 3070646 App.:192.Feb. 13, 1893, ch. 105, § 3, 27 Stat. 445. This section is restated as two subsections to clarify that the exercise of due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy is a condition only to the defense of error in navigation or management restated in subsection (a). See May v. Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt Aktiengesellschaft (The Isis), 290 U.S. 333, 353 (1933). The words “transporting merchandise or property to or from any port in the United States of America” are omitted because of section 30702(a) of the revised title.