republic-os/legal/us/code/title-22/chapter-32/section-2218.md

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LegalText	22 U.S.C. § 2218	Utilization of democratic institutions in development	us	united_states_code	code_section	22	FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE	32	FOREIGN ASSISTANCE	2218	22 U.S.C. § 2218	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc22@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t22/s2218	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-22/usc22.xml	0293aff775e3d0db5c25810c64d34a5a2579f15f7bb1b6206dc0dca77ebdd06c	b9c63ede722f5e0bf8eabfe9029e06e312ab9bcfd95c4d1424ed515baff1df83	9a7bb74aae733421da3227c0e6db88d33a9cdccdb1ddfb4e8cf33492db8ef352	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

22 U.S.C. § 2218 - Utilization of democratic institutions in development

Text

(a) Popular participation through encouragement of democratic institutions In carrying out programs authorized in this part and part I of this subchapter, emphasis shall be placed on assuring maximum participation in the task of economic development on the part of the people of the developing countries, through the encouragement of democratic private and local governmental institutions.

(b) Human and intellectual resources; self-government through civic education and training in requisite skills In order to carry out the purposes of this section programs under this part and part I of this subchapter shall—

(1) recognize the differing needs, desires, and capacities of the people of the respective developing countries and areas;

(2) use the intellectual resources of such countries and areas in conjunction with assistance provided under this chapter so as to encourage the development of indigenous institutions that meet their particular requirements for sustained economic and social progress; and

(3) support civic education and training in skills required for effective participation in governmental and political processes essential to self-government.

(c) Political, social, and related obstacles to development; democratic social and political trends In the allocation of funds for research under this part and part I of this subchapter, emphasis shall be given to research designed to examine the political, social, and related obstacles to development in countries receiving assistance under subchapter I of this chapter. In particular, emphasis should be given to research designed to increase understanding of the ways in which development assistance can support democratic social and political trends in recipient countries.

(d) Implementation of objectives through application of experience gained from program evaluation Emphasis shall also be given to the evaluation of relevant past and current programs under subchapter I of this chapter and to applying this experience so as to strengthen their effectiveness in implementing the objectives of this section.

(e) Inservice training programs In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter shall develop systematic programs of inservice training to familiarize its personnel with the objectives of this section and to increase their knowledge of the political and social aspects of development. In addition to other funds available for such purposes, not to exceed 1 per centum of the funds authorized to be appropriated for grant assistance under this part and part I of this subchapter may be used for carrying out the objectives of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 281, as added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 106, Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 800; amended Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 108, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 106, Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 961; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(2)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Amendments1978—Subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (e). Pub. L. 95–424 inserted “and part 1 of this subchapter” after “this part”. 1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–554, § 106(a), emphasized research designed to increase understanding of ways in which development assistance can support democratic social and political trends in recipient countries. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–554, § 106(b), added subsec. (e). 1967—Pub. L. 90–137 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) to (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter IIReferences to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

References to Part I Deemed To Include Section 2293References to part I of this subchapter are deemed to include a reference to section 2293 of this title. See section 2293(d)(1) of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.