republic-os/legal/us/code/title-23/chapter-1/section-169.md

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LegalText	23 U.S.C. § 169	Development of programmatic mitigation plans	us	united_states_code	code_section	23	HIGHWAYS	1	FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS	169	23 U.S.C. § 169	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc23@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t23/s169	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-23/usc23.xml	45d8d14c98e224ba71fffc3acee234e9c445631a7065d04ac8675a772753bd9b	e416780887af9b032b058a30d5deabd208499e53ab0f2ba19007646ef6293cbe	338cac2375c2f62f77051903577b49008efe438ab9cdcb05d0fe58434baa8b73	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

23 U.S.C. § 169 - Development of programmatic mitigation plans

Text

(a) In General.— As part of the statewide or metropolitan transportation planning process, a State or metropolitan planning organization may develop 1 or more programmatic mitigation plans to address the potential environmental impacts of future transportation projects.

(b) Scope.— (1) Scale.— A programmatic mitigation plan may be developed on a regional, ecosystem, watershed, or statewide scale.

(2) Resources.— The plan may encompass multiple environmental resources within a defined geographic area or may focus on a specific resource, such as aquatic resources, parkland, or wildlife habitat.

(3) Project impacts.— The plan may address impacts from all projects in a defined geographic area or may focus on a specific type of project.

(4) Consultation.— The scope of the plan shall be determined by the State or metropolitan planning organization, as appropriate, in consultation with the agency or agencies with jurisdiction over the resources being addressed in the mitigation plan.

(c) Contents.— A programmatic mitigation plan may include—

(1) an assessment of the condition of environmental resources in the geographic area covered by the plan, including an assessment of recent trends and any potential threats to those resources;

(2) an assessment of potential opportunities to improve the overall quality of environmental resources in the geographic area covered by the plan, through strategic mitigation for impacts of transportation projects;

(3) standard measures for mitigating certain types of impacts;

(4) parameters for determining appropriate mitigation for certain types of impacts, such as mitigation ratios or criteria for determining appropriate mitigation sites;

(5) adaptive management procedures, such as protocols that involve monitoring predicted impacts over time and adjusting mitigation measures in response to information gathered through the monitoring; and

(6) acknowledgment of specific statutory or regulatory requirements that must be satisfied when determining appropriate mitigation for certain types of resources.

(d) Process.— Before adopting a programmatic mitigation plan, a State or metropolitan planning organization shall—

(1) consult with each agency with jurisdiction over the environmental resources considered in the programmatic mitigation plan;

(2) make a draft of the plan available for review and comment by applicable environmental resource agencies and the public;

(3) consider any comments received from such agencies and the public on the draft plan; and

(4) address such comments in the final plan.

(e) Integration With Other Plans.— A programmatic mitigation plan may be integrated with other plans, including watershed plans, ecosystem plans, species recovery plans, growth management plans, and land use plans.

(f) Consideration in Project Development and Permitting.— If a programmatic mitigation plan has been developed pursuant to this section, any Federal agency responsible for environmental reviews, permits, or approvals for a transportation project shall give substantial weight to the recommendations in a programmatic mitigation plan when carrying out the responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or other Federal environmental law.

(g) Preservation of Existing Authorities.— Nothing in this section limits the use of programmatic approaches to reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1311(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 543; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1306, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1389.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThe National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (g), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments2015—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted “shall give substantial weight to” for “may use” and inserted “or other Federal environmental law” before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective DateSection effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.