republic-os/legal/us/code/title-45/chapter-18/section-901.md

type, title, description, jurisdiction, corpus, kind, title_number, title_name, chapter_number, chapter_name, section, citation, status, release_point, release_date, source, source_url, source_identifier, source_file, source_hash, raw_snapshot_hash, text_hash, retrieved_at, confidence, tags

type	title	description	jurisdiction	corpus	kind	title_number	title_name	chapter_number	chapter_name	section	citation	status	release_point	release_date	source	source_url	source_identifier	source_file	source_hash	raw_snapshot_hash	text_hash	retrieved_at	confidence	tags
LegalText	45 U.S.C. § 901	Congressional findings	us	united_states_code	code_section	45	RAILROADS	18	MILWAUKEE RAILROAD RESTRUCTURING	901	45 U.S.C. § 901	current	119-100	2026-06-26	official	https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip	/us/usc/t45/s901	data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml	a5069a1d0346e7b60cca0d19374264ce6afabd4554bc48b183d101b83bd19893	6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c	441b5fdd784930d79c7cb511fc1ee1cbca6aee46277a7e25e102bab0176245e8	2026-07-04	official	legal us-code

45 U.S.C. § 901 - Congressional findings

Text

(a) Congress hereby finds that—

(1) the severe operating losses and the deteriorating plant and equipment of the Milwaukee Railroad threaten to cause cessation of its operations in the near future;

(2) a cessation of operations by the Milwaukee Railroad would have serious repercussions on the economies of the States in which such railroad principally operates (the States of Washington, Montana, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Michigan, Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin);

(3) a cessation of operations of the Milwaukee Railroad would result in the loss of many thousands of jobs of railroad workers and other workers whose employment is dependent upon rail service over the lines presently operated by the Milwaukee Railroad;

(4) experienced railroad employees make a valuable contribution toward strengthening the railroad industry; and other railroads have the ability and willingness to employ displaced employees of the Milwaukee Railroad;

(5) the ownership by employees or by employees and shippers of part or all of the Milwaukee Railroad may be a valuable tool in reorganization and should be given serious consideration;

(6) cessation of essential transportation services by the Milwaukee Railroad would endanger the public welfare;

(7) cessation of such services is imminent; and

(8) there is no other practicable means of obtaining funds to meet payroll and other expenses necessary for continuation of services and reorganization of the Milwaukee Railroad.

(b) The Congress declares that emergency measures set forth in this chapter must be taken to restructure the Milwaukee Railroad and to avoid the potential unemployment and damage to the economy of the region and of the Nation which a cessation of essential services by the Milwaukee Railroad would otherwise cause.

(Pub. L. 96–101, § 2, Nov. 4, 1979, 93 Stat. 736.)

Notes

Editorial Notes

References in TextThis chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 96–101, Nov. 4, 1979, 93 Stat. 736, known as the Milwaukee Railroad Restructuring Act, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 231f, 662, 721, former section 821, and section 825 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1983 AmendmentPub. L. 97–468, title II, § 201, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2543, provided that: “This title [amending sections 797c, 907, 913, 915, 1004, 1005, 1007, 1014, and 1017 of this title, repealing section 1008 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be referred to as the ‘Bankrupt Railroad Service Preservation and Employee Protection Act of 1982’.”

Short TitlePub. L. 96–101, § 1, Nov. 4, 1979, 93 Stat. 736, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter and amending sections 231f, 662, 721, 821, and 825 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Milwaukee Railroad Restructuring Act’.”

Statement of PurposePub. L. 97–468, title II, subtitle A, § 211, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2543, provided that: “It is the purpose of this subtitle [amending sections 915 and 1017 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] to continue the effort by Congress to assure service over the lines of rail carriers subject to liquidation in instances where rail carriers are willing to provide service over such lines and financially responsible persons are willing to purchase the lines for continued rail operations.”

Congressional FindingsPub. L. 97–468, title II, § 212, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2543, provided that: “The Congress finds that— “(1) it is necessary to establish procedures to facilitate and expedite the acquisition of rail lines of carriers subject to liquidation by financially responsible persons in instances where service is not being provided over the line by the carrier and where the financially responsible person seeks to provide rail service over the line; “(2) procedures set forth in the amendments made by this title [see Short Title of 1983 Amendment note above] represent an exercise of the powers of the Congress under the Constitution to regulate commerce among the several States which will provide a practicable means for preserving rail service, thus benefiting shippers, employees, and the economies of the States in which such carriers subject to liquidation have operated service, and for facilitating interstate commerce, while at the same time providing safeguards to protect the interest of the estates of such carriers by requiring compensation which is not less than the constitutionally required minimum; and “(3) it is in the public interest that the Interstate Commerce Commission’s authority to issue orders involving temporary authority to operate service over lines of carriers subject to liquidation be clarified.” [Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and functions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 1302 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49. References to Interstate Commerce Commission deemed to refer to Surface Transportation Board, a member or employee of the Board, or Secretary of Transportation, as appropriate, see section 205 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49.]