Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)

Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-302.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 302"
+description: "Policy standards for transportation"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "302"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 302"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s302"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "f1422efddd510d5619e67f1b8aa7ca85a14fd9fda78ec893bb535dfbbb70d4d0"
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+text_hash: "513b651aaabb80269e885c7e293badede091310012229a262c388a2d36820b86"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 302 - Policy standards for transportation
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation is governed by the transportation policy of sections 10101 and 13101 of this title in addition to other laws.
+
+(b) This subtitle and chapters 221 and 315 of this title do not authorize, without appropriate action by Congress, the adoption, revision, or implementation of a transportation policy or investment standards or criteria.
+
+(c) The Secretary shall consider the needs—
+
+(1) for effectiveness and safety in transportation systems; and
+
+(2) of national defense.
+
+(d) (1) It is the policy of the United States to promote the construction and commercialization of high-speed ground transportation systems by—
+
+(A) conducting economic and technological research;
+
+(B) demonstrating advancements in high-speed ground transportation technologies;
+
+(C) establishing a comprehensive policy for the development of such systems and the effective integration of the various high-speed ground transportation technologies; and
+
+(D) minimizing the long-term risks of investors.
+
+(2) It is the policy of the United States to establish in the shortest time practicable a United States designed and constructed magnetic levitation transportation technology capable of operating along Federal-aid highway rights-of-way, as part of a national transportation system of the United States.
+
+(e) Intermodal Transportation.— It is the policy of the United States Government to encourage and promote development of a national intermodal transportation system in the United States to move people and goods in an energy-efficient manner, provide the foundation for improved productivity growth, strengthen the Nation’s ability to compete in the global economy, and obtain the optimum yield from the Nation’s transportation resources.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2419; Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(2), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1036(a), title V, § 5001, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1978, 2158; Pub. L. 103–272, § 5(m)(6), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1375; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 308(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 946.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 302(a)49:1653(b)(1).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 4(b), 80 Stat. 933. 302(b)49:1653(b)(2). 302(c)49:1653(b)(3). In subsection (a), the words “In carrying out his duties and responsibilities under this chapter” before “Secretary of Transportation” are omitted as surplus. The words “the transportation policy of sections 10101 and 10101a of this title in addition to other laws” are substituted for “all applicable statutes including the policy standards set forth in the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended [49 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.]; the national transportation policy of the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended; title 23, relating to Federal-aid highways; and title 14, titles 52 and 53 of the Revised Statutes, the Act of April 25, 1940, as amended, and the Act of September 2, 1958, as amended, relating to the United States Coast Guard” because each of the omitted laws is now applicable to the Secretary of Transportation and the Department of Transportation as the result of the restatement of those laws, and the Secretary is therefore bound to follow those laws by their own terms. In subsection (c), the words “In exercising the functions, powers, and duties conferred on and transferred to the Secretary by this chapter” before “Secretary” are omitted as surplus. The word “consider” is substituted for “give full consideration to” to eliminate surplus words. The words “for operational continuity of the functions transferred” after “the needs” are omitted as executed.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–88 substituted “13101” for “10101a”. 1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “This subtitle and chapters 221 and 315 of this title” for “Subtitle I and chapter 31 of subtitle II of this title and the Department of Transportation Act (49 App. U.S.C. 1651 et seq.)”. 1991—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, § 1036(a), added subsec. (d). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, § 5001, added subsec. (e). 1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted “49 App. U.S.C.” for “49 U.S.C.”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1995 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of this title.
+
+Effective Date of 1991 AmendmentAmendment by section 1036(a) of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 23, Highways.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-303.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 303"
+description: "Policy on lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "303"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 303"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s303"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "2f202db9d23ea62dbb9b494e25779f238be735d5b27c4ee785f90816aee3ea41"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "ce30cf9bc3efb6a9858e148a86295c626bb81e2bec110e98c4bac12bcd4dc96b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 303 - Policy on lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites
+
+## Text
+
+(a) It is the policy of the United States Government that special effort should be made to preserve the natural beauty of the countryside and public park and recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites.
+
+(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall cooperate and consult with the Secretaries of the Interior, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, and with the States, in developing transportation plans and programs that include measures to maintain or enhance the natural beauty of lands crossed by transportation activities or facilities.
+
+(c) Approval of Programs and Projects.— Subject to subsections (d) and (h), the Secretary may approve a transportation program or project (other than any project for a park road or parkway under section 204 11 See References in Text note below. of title 23) requiring the use of publicly owned land of a public park, recreation area, or wildlife and waterfowl refuge of national, State, or local significance, or land of an historic site of national, State, or local significance (as determined by the Federal, State, or local officials having jurisdiction over the park, area, refuge, or site) only if—
+
+(1) there is no prudent and feasible alternative to using that land; and
+
+(2) the program or project includes all possible planning to minimize harm to the park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or historic site resulting from the use.
+
+(d) De Minimis Impacts.— (1) Requirements.— (A) Requirements for historic sites.— The requirements of this section shall be considered to be satisfied with respect to an area described in paragraph (2) if the Secretary determines, in accordance with this subsection, that a transportation program or project will have a de minimis impact on the area.
+
+(B) Requirements for parks, recreation areas, and wildlife or waterfowl refuges.— The requirements of subsection (c)(1) shall be considered to be satisfied with respect to an area described in paragraph (3) if the Secretary determines, in accordance with this subsection, that a transportation program or project will have a de minimis impact on the area. The requirements of subsection (c)(2) with respect to an area described in paragraph (3) shall not include an alternatives analysis.
+
+(C) Criteria.— In making any determination under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider to be part of a transportation program or project any avoidance, minimization, mitigation, or enhancement measures that are required to be implemented as a condition of approval of the transportation program or project.
+
+(2) Historic sites.— With respect to historic sites, the Secretary may make a finding of de minimis impact only if—
+
+(A) the Secretary has determined, in accordance with the consultation process required under section 306108 of title 54, United States Code,22 So in original. The words “, United States Code” probably should not appear. that—
+
+(i) the transportation program or project will have no adverse effect on the historic site; or
+
+(ii) there will be no historic properties affected by the transportation program or project;
+
+(B) the finding of the Secretary has received written concurrence from the applicable State historic preservation officer or tribal historic preservation officer (and from the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation if the Council is participating in the consultation process); and
+
+(C) the finding of the Secretary has been developed in consultation with parties consulting as part of the process referred to in subparagraph (A).
+
+(3) Parks, recreation areas, and wildlife or waterfowl refuges.— With respect to parks, recreation areas, or wildlife or waterfowl refuges, the Secretary may make a finding of de minimis impact only if—
+
+(A) the Secretary has determined, after public notice and opportunity for public review and comment, that the transportation program or project will not adversely affect the activities, features, and attributes of the park, recreation area, or wildlife or waterfowl refuge eligible for protection under this section; and
+
+(B) the finding of the Secretary has received concurrence from the officials with jurisdiction over the park, recreation area, or wildlife or waterfowl refuge.
+
+(e) Satisfaction of Requirements for Certain Historic Sites.— (1) In general.— The Secretary shall—
+
+(A) align, to the maximum extent practicable, the requirements of this section with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and section 306108 of title 54, including implementing regulations; and
+
+(B) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, coordinate with the Secretary of the Interior and the Executive Director of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (referred to in this subsection as the “Council”) to establish procedures to satisfy the requirements described in subparagraph (A) (including regulations).
+
+(2) Avoidance alternative analysis.— (A) In general.— If, in an analysis required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Secretary determines that there is no feasible or prudent alternative to avoid use of a historic site, the Secretary may—
+
+(i) include the determination of the Secretary in the analysis required under that Act;
+
+(ii) provide a notice of the determination to—
+
+(I) each applicable State historic preservation officer and tribal historic preservation officer;
+
+(II) the Council, if the Council is participating in the consultation process under section 306108 of title 54; and
+
+(III) the Secretary of the Interior; and
+
+(iii) request from the applicable preservation officer, the Council, and the Secretary of the Interior a concurrence that the determination is sufficient to satisfy subsection (c)(1).
+
+(B) Concurrence.— If the applicable preservation officer, the Council, and the Secretary of the Interior each provide a concurrence requested under subparagraph (A)(iii), no further analysis under subsection (c)(1) shall be required.
+
+(C) Publication.— A notice of a determination, together with each relevant concurrence to that determination, under subparagraph (A) shall—
+
+(i) be included in the record of decision or finding of no significant impact of the Secretary; and
+
+(ii) be posted on an appropriate Federal website by not later than 3 days after the date of receipt by the Secretary of all concurrences requested under subparagraph (A)(iii).
+
+(3) Aligning historical reviews.— (A) In general.— If the Secretary, the applicable preservation officer, the Council, and the Secretary of the Interior concur that no feasible and prudent alternative exists as described in paragraph (2), the Secretary may provide to the applicable preservation officer, the Council, and the Secretary of the Interior notice of the intent of the Secretary to satisfy subsection (c)(2) through the consultation requirements of section 306108 of title 54.
+
+(B) Satisfaction of conditions.— To satisfy subsection (c)(2), the applicable preservation officer, the Council, and the Secretary of the Interior shall concur in the treatment of the applicable historic site described in the memorandum of agreement or programmatic agreement developed under section 306108 of title 54.
+
+(f) References to Past Transportation Environmental Authorities.— (1) Section 4(f) requirements.— The requirements of this section are commonly referred to as section 4(f) requirements (see section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act (Public Law 89–670; 80 Stat. 934) as in effect before the repeal of that section).
+
+(2) Section 106 requirements.— The requirements of section 306108 of title 54 are commonly referred to as section 106 requirements (see section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89–665; 80 Stat. 917) as in effect before the repeal of that section).
+
+(g) Bridge Exemption From Consideration.— A common post-1945 concrete or steel bridge or culvert (as described in 77 Fed. Reg. 68790) that is exempt from individual review under section 306108 of title 54 shall be exempt from consideration under this section.
+
+(h) Rail and Transit.— (1) In general.— Improvements to, or the maintenance, rehabilitation, or operation of, railroad or rail transit lines or elements thereof that are in use or were historically used for the transportation of goods or passengers shall not be considered a use of a historic site under subsection (c), regardless of whether the railroad or rail transit line or element thereof is listed on, or eligible for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places.
+
+(2) Exceptions.— (A) In general.— Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—
+
+(i) stations; or
+
+(ii) bridges or tunnels located on—
+
+(I) railroad lines that have been abandoned; or
+
+(II) transit lines that are not in use.
+
+(B) Clarification with respect to certain bridges and tunnels.— The bridges and tunnels referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) do not include bridges or tunnels located on railroad or transit lines—
+
+(i) over which service has been discontinued; or
+
+(ii) that have been railbanked or otherwise reserved for the transportation of goods or passengers.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2419; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 133(d), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, § 6009(a)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1875; Pub. L. 113–287, § 5(p), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3272; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §§ 1301(b), 1302(b), 1303(b), title XI, § 11502(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1376, 1378, 1690.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 303(a)49:1651(b)(2).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 2(b)(2), 80 Stat. 931.  49:1653(f) (1st sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 4(f), 80 Stat. 934; restated Aug. 23, 1968, Pub. L. 90–495, § 18(b), 82 Stat. 824. 303(b)49:1653(f) (2d sentence). 303(c)49:1653(f) (less 1st, 2d sentences). In subsection (a), the words “hereby declared to be” before “the policy” are omitted as surplus. The words “of the United States Government” are substituted for “national” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (b), the words “crossed by transportation activities or facilities” are substituted for “traversed” for clarity. In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words “After August 23, 1968” after “Secretary” are omitted as executed. The word “transportation” is inserted before “program” for clarity. In clause (2), the words “or project” are added for consistency.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 204 of title 23, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed and a new section 204 enacted by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1119(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 473, 489. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(A), (2)(A), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables. The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.
+
+Amendments2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, § 11502(b)(1), substituted “subsections (d) and (h)” for “subsection (d)”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1301(b), added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1302(b), added subsec. (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1303(b), added subsec. (g). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–94, § 11502(b)(2), added subsec. (h). 2014—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–287 substituted “section 306108 of title 54, United States Code” for “section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f)” in introductory provisions. 2005—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, § 6009(a)(2)(A), inserted heading and substituted “Subject to subsection (d), the Secretary” for “The Secretary” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, § 6009(a)(2)(B), added subsec. (d). 1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17 inserted “(other than any project for a park road or parkway under section 204 of title 23)” after “program or project”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Treatment of Military Flight OperationsPub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, § 1079, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1916, provided that: “No military flight operation (including a military training flight), or designation of airspace for such an operation, may be treated as a transportation program or project for purposes of section 303(c) of title 49, United States Code.”

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-304.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 304"
+description: "Application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "304"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 304"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s304"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "ad06a61f1a00d388d9d85dbd7f52948b412cb18d78f802073064485fd4836472"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "b80d9e68389f85519fe196fc79042201e3423bd9c4ef1e12173ae1a93bda9ff1"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 304 - Application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions apply:
+
+(1) Cooperating authority.— The term “cooperating authority” means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that has expertise but is not the lead authority with respect to a proposed multimodal project.
+
+(2) Lead authority.— The term “lead authority” means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that has the lead responsibility for compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to a proposed multimodal project.
+
+(3) Multimodal project.— The term “multimodal project” has the meaning given the term in section 139(a) of title 23.
+
+(b) Exercise of Authorities.— The authorities granted in this section may be exercised for a multimodal project, class of projects, or program of projects that are carried out under this title or title 23.
+
+(c) Application of Categorical Exclusions for Multimodal Projects.— In considering the environmental impacts of a proposed multimodal project, a lead authority may apply categorical exclusions designated under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) in implementing regulations or procedures of a cooperating authority for a proposed multimodal project, subject to the conditions that—
+
+(1) the lead authority makes a determination, with the concurrence of the cooperating authority—
+
+(A) on the applicability of a categorical exclusion to a proposed multimodal project; and
+
+(B) that the project satisfies the conditions for a categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and this section;
+
+(2) the lead authority follows the implementing regulations of the cooperating authority or procedures under that Act; and
+
+(3) the lead authority determines that—
+
+(A) the proposed multimodal project does not individually or cumulatively have a significant impact on the environment; and
+
+(B) extraordinary circumstances do not exist that merit additional analysis and documentation in an environmental impact statement or environmental assessment required under that Act.
+
+(d) Cooperating Authority Expertise.— A cooperating authority shall provide expertise to the lead authority on aspects of the multimodal project in which the cooperating authority has expertise.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2419; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1314(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1310, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1397.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 304(a)49:1653(g) (less 3d sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 4(g), 80 Stat. 934. 304(b)49:1653(g) (3d sentence). In subsection (a), the text of 49:1653(g) (last sentence) is omitted as executed. In subsection (a)(4), the word “ensure” is substituted for “assure” as being more precise. The words “of the United States Government” are substituted for “Federal”, and the words “United States” are substituted for “national”, for clarity and consistency. In subsection (b), the words “The Secretaries shall report on April 1 of each year” are substituted for “They shall, within one year after the effective date of the Act, and annually thereafter, report” to omit executed words and to specify the date of April 1 because the President prescribed April 1, 1967, as the effective date of the Department of Transportation Act (Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931) by Executive Order No. 11340, March 30, 1967 (32 F.R. 5443). The word “consider” is substituted for “determine” for consistency.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (c), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1310(1)(A), substituted “operating administration or secretarial office that has expertise but” for “operating authority that” and inserted “proposed multimodal” after “with respect to a”. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1310(1)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘lead authority’ means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that— “(A) is the lead authority over a proposed multimodal project; and “(B) has determined that the components of the project that fall under the modal expertise of the lead authority— “(i) satisfy the conditions for a categorical exclusion under implementing regulations or procedures of the lead authority under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and “(ii) do not require the preparation of an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement under that Act.” Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1310(2), inserted “or title 23” after “under this title”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1310(3), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1310(3), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “(1) In general.—A cooperating authority shall provide modal expertise to the lead authority on such aspects of the multimodal project in which the cooperating authority has expertise. “(2) Use of categorical exclusion.—In a case described in paragraph (1), the 1 or more categorical exclusions of a cooperating authority may be applied by the lead authority once the cooperating authority reviews the project on behalf of the lead authority and determines the project satisfies the conditions for a categorical exclusion under the implementing regulations or procedures of the cooperating authority under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and this section.” 2012–Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to joint activities with the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Effective Date of 2012 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-304a.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 304a"
+description: "Accelerated decisionmaking in environmental reviews"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "304a"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 304a"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s304a"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "29f8ca259b76827ef2199fbacc9bfb69023bb75c3821b2889a3b58170f6bf05b"
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+text_hash: "e322b45971935dfdb239448a350f7b2bd5d0fed0b36ba718eb08c557ee3844bc"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 304a - Accelerated decisionmaking in environmental reviews
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— In preparing a final environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), if the lead agency modifies the statement in response to comments that are minor and are confined to factual corrections or explanations of why the comments do not warrant additional agency response, the lead agency may write on errata sheets attached to the statement, instead of rewriting the draft statement, subject to the condition that the errata sheets—
+
+(1) cite the sources, authorities, and reasons that support the position of the agency; and
+
+(2) if appropriate, indicate the circumstances that would trigger agency reappraisal or further response.
+
+(b) Single Document.— To the maximum extent practicable, the lead agency shall expeditiously develop a single document that consists of a final environmental impact statement and a record of decision, unless—
+
+(1) the final environmental impact statement makes substantial changes to the proposed action that are relevant to environmental or safety concerns; or
+
+(2) there is a significant new circumstance or information relevant to environmental concerns that bears on the proposed action or the impacts of the proposed action.
+
+(c) Adoption and Incorporation by Reference of Documents.— (1) Avoiding duplication.— To prevent duplication of analyses and support expeditious and efficient decisions, the operating administrations of the Department of Transportation shall use adoption and incorporation by reference in accordance with this subsection.
+
+(2) Adoption of documents of other operating administrations.— An operating administration or a secretarial office within the Department of Transportation may adopt a draft environmental impact statement, an environmental assessment, or a final environmental impact statement of another operating administration for the use of the adopting operating administration when preparing an environmental assessment or final environmental impact statement for a project without recirculating the document for public review, if—
+
+(A) the adopting operating administration certifies that the proposed action is substantially the same as the project considered in the document to be adopted;
+
+(B) the other operating administration concurs with such decision; and
+
+(C) such actions are consistent with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
+
+(3) Incorporation by reference.— An operating administration or secretarial office within the Department of Transportation may incorporate by reference all or portions of a draft environmental impact statement, an environmental assessment, or a final environmental impact statement for the use of the adopting operating administration when preparing an environmental assessment or final environmental impact statement for a project if—
+
+(A) the incorporated material is cited in the environmental assessment or final environmental impact statement and the contents of the incorporated material are briefly described;
+
+(B) the incorporated material is reasonably available for inspection by potentially interested persons within the time allowed for review and comment; and
+
+(C) the incorporated material does not include proprietary data that is not available for review and comment.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1311(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1398.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-305.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 305"
+description: "Transportation investment standards and criteria"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "305"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 305"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s305"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "8531e35eb6614a35bd930b982bab6dbd67543145679e409a7c23fab49f91077b"
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+text_hash: "163a368a01aa563d025053606c1c7f379150fd43a1dbdc718f3bb1d2bfc763d6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 305 - Transportation investment standards and criteria
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Subject to sections 301–304 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, the Secretary of Transportation shall develop standards and criteria to formulate and economically evaluate all proposals for investing amounts of the United States Government in transportation facilities and equipment. Based on experience, the Secretary shall revise the standards and criteria. When approved by Congress, the Secretary shall prescribe standards and criteria developed or revised under this subsection. This subsection does not apply to—
+
+(1) the acquisition of transportation facilities or equipment by a department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government to provide transportation for its use;
+
+(2) an inter-oceanic canal located outside the 48 contiguous States;
+
+(3) defense features included at the direction of the Department of Defense in designing and constructing civil air, sea, or land transportation;
+
+(4) foreign assistance programs;
+
+(5) water resources projects; or
+
+(6) grant-in-aid programs authorized by law.
+
+(b) A department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government preparing a survey, plan, or report that includes a proposal about which the Secretary has prescribed standards and criteria under subsection (a) of this section shall—
+
+(1) prepare the survey, plan, or report under those standards and criteria and on the basis of information provided by the Secretary on the—
+
+(A) projected growth of transportation needs and traffic in the affected area;
+
+(B) the relative efficiency of various modes of transportation;
+
+(C) the available transportation services in the area; and
+
+(D) the general effect of the proposed investment on existing modes of transportation and on the regional and national economy;
+
+(2) coordinate the survey, plan, or report—
+
+(A) with the Secretary and include the views and comments of the Secretary; and
+
+(B) as appropriate, with other departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government, States, and local governments, and include their views and comments; and
+
+(3) send the survey, plan, or report to the President for disposition under law and procedure established by the President.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2420.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 305(a)49:1656(a) (less next-to-last par.).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 7 (less (a) next-to-last par.), 80 Stat. 941. 305(b)49:1656 (less (a)). In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words “consistent with national transportation policies” after “develop standards and criteria” are omitted as unnecessary because of section 302 of the revised title. The words “Based on experience” are substituted for “in the light of experience”, and the words “shall prescribe” are substituted for “be promulgated by the”, to conform to other sections of the revised title. The words “from time to time” after “shall revise” are omitted as unnecessary. The words “This subsection does not apply to” are substituted for “except such proposals as are concerned with” for clarity. In clause (1), the words “a department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government” are substituted for “Federal agencies” for clarity and consistency. Similar conforming changes are made throughout the section. The word “services” after “provide transportation” is omitted as unnecessary. In clause (2), the words “48 contiguous States” are substituted for “contiguous United States” for clarity. The text of 49:1656(a) (last par.) that provided that the Secretary of Transportation was a member of the Water Resources Council on matters pertaining to navigation features of water resource projects is omitted as superseded because 42:1962(a) gave the Secretary membership on the Council without limitation. In subsection (b)(2), the words “unit of” before “governments” are omitted as surplus. In clause (3), the word “thereafter” after “send” is omitted as surplus.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 304 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was amended generally by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1314(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 547.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-306.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 306"
+description: "Prohibited discrimination"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "306"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 306"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s306"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "0ac221230c42ba6cfce2014607dd44e7b890c76b7698f2758e30b773078c1f0c"
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+text_hash: "14e88788daea8e8a97656fed7f56f2698f7df723392a15575d065d0e2c9ca4ee"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 306 - Prohibited discrimination
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In this section, “financial assistance” includes obligation guarantees.
+
+(b) A person in the United States may not be excluded from participating in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under, a project, program, or activity because of race, color, national origin, or sex when any part of the project, program, or activity is financed through financial assistance under section 332 or 333 or chapter 221, 224, or 249 of this title, or section 211 or 216 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 721, 726).
+
+(c) When the Secretary of Transportation decides that a person receiving financial assistance under a law referred to in subsection (b) of this section has not complied with that subsection, a Federal civil rights law, or an order or regulation issued under a Federal civil rights law, the Secretary shall notify the person of the decision and require the person to take necessary action to ensure compliance with that subsection.
+
+(d) If a person does not comply with subsection (b) of this section within a reasonable time after receiving a notice under subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary shall take at least one of the following actions:
+
+(1) direct that no more Federal financial assistance be provided the person.
+
+(2) refer the matter to the Attorney General with a recommendation that a civil action be brought against the person.
+
+(3) carry out the duties and powers provided by title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).
+
+(4) take other action provided by law.
+
+(e) When a matter is referred to the Attorney General under subsection (d)(2) of this section, or when the Attorney General has reason to believe that a person is engaged in a pattern or practice violating this section, the Attorney General may begin a civil action in a district court of the United States for appropriate relief.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(3), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 103–272, § 5(m)(7), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1376; Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title I, § 21301(j)(4)(B), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 693.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 97–449 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 306(a)45:803(f).Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, § 905, 90 Stat. 148. 306(b)45:803(a). 306(c), (d)45:803(b). 306(e)45:803(c)–(e). In subsection (b), the enumerated laws are substituted for “through financial assistance under this Act”, meaning the Rail Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (Pub. L. 94–210, 90 Stat. 31) and laws amended by that Act. The laws cited in the subsection are substituted for “through financial assistance under this Act” for clarity. The enumerated laws include provisions of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 that amend other laws as well as provisions that are not amendments to other laws. A reference to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Pub. L. 88–365, 78 Stat. 302) is omitted because this section related to that Act is superseded by 49:1615. In subsection (c), the word “decides” is substituted for “determines” for consistency. The word “ensure” is substituted for “assure” as being more precise. In subsection (d), the words “at least one of the following actions” are substituted for “and/or” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (e), the text of 45:803(d) is omitted as unnecessary because section 322 of the revised title gives the Secretary of Transportation general authority to prescribe regulations and other provisions of the revised title give the Secretary general authority to carry out his duties and powers. The text of 45:803(e) is omitted as unnecessary.
+
+Pub. L. 98–216This is necessary to correct a cross-reference in section 306(b) and to reflect the transfer of the non-positive law provisions of title 49 to title 49 appendix.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–58 substituted “chapter 221, 224, or 249 of this title, or” for “chapter 221 or 249 of this title,” and struck out “, or title V of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.)” before period at end. 1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “section 332 or 333 or chapter 221 or 249 of this title, section 211 or 216 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 721, 726), or title V of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.)” for “section 332 or 333 of this title, section 211 or 216 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 721, 726), title V or VII of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq., 851 et seq.), or section 4(i) or 5 of the Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1653(i), 1654)”. 1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted “section 332 or 333 of this title” for “section 332 of this title” and “49 App. U.S.C.” for “49 U.S.C.”.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-307.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 307"
+description: "Improving State and Federal agency engagement in environmental reviews"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "307"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 307"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s307"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "ebd5db7b6ee437ba8fbf90e5b159b07faab935342a552b604eb97db311797399"
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+text_hash: "190e3a32de74c9380d21af33d61e71c7f2f45734e5b893537d50994193e92d5c"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 307 - Improving State and Federal agency engagement in environmental reviews
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— (1) Requests to provide funds.— A public entity receiving financial assistance from the Department of Transportation for 1 or more projects, or for a program of projects, for a public purpose may request that the Secretary allow the public entity to provide funds to Federal agencies, including the Department, State agencies, and Indian tribes participating in the environmental planning and review process for the project, projects, or program.
+
+(2) Use of funds.— The funds may be provided only to support activities that directly and meaningfully contribute to expediting and improving permitting and review processes, including planning, approval, and consultation processes for the project, projects, or program.
+
+(b) Activities Eligible for Funding.— Activities for which funds may be provided under subsection (a) include transportation planning activities that precede the initiation of the environmental review process, activities directly related to the environmental review process, dedicated staffing, training of agency personnel, information gathering and mapping, and development of programmatic agreements.
+
+(c) Amounts.— A request under subsection (a) may be approved only for the additional amounts that the Secretary determines are necessary for the Federal agencies, State agencies, or Indian tribes participating in the environmental review process to timely conduct the review.
+
+(d) Agreements.— Prior to providing funds approved by the Secretary for dedicated staffing at an affected Federal agency under subsection (a), the affected Federal agency and the requesting public entity shall enter into an agreement that establishes a process to identify projects or priorities to be addressed by the use of the funds.
+
+(e) Guidance.— (1) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall issue guidance to implement this section.
+
+(2) Factors.— As part of the guidance issued under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure—
+
+(A) to the maximum extent practicable, that expediting and improving the process of environmental review and permitting through the use of funds accepted and expended under this section does not adversely affect the timeline for review and permitting by Federal agencies, State agencies, or Indian tribes of other entities that have not contributed funds under this section;
+
+(B) that the use of funds accepted under this section will not impact impartial decisionmaking with respect to environmental reviews or permits, either substantively or procedurally; and
+
+(C) that the Secretary maintains, and makes publicly available, including on the Internet, a list of projects or programs for which such review or permits have been carried out using funds authorized under this section.
+
+(f) Existing Authority.— Nothing in this section may be construed to conflict with section 139(j) of title 23.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1312(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1399.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.
+
+Prior ProvisionsA prior section 307, Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2421, related to safety information and intervention in Interstate Commerce Commission proceedings, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title II, § 32932(a)(1), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 829, effective Oct. 1, 2012.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-308.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 308"
+description: "Reports"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "308"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 308"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s308"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "598b27fae353745524d7f9bf8863c37572515b2d5c28e74c9f2c9851615bd3d9"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "334deee800becf8e4864326e7d8b27c7da50d8eaf10a5f2a02f9936cc51a4532"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 308 - Reports
+
+## Text
+
+(a) As soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of Transportation shall report to the President, for submission to Congress, on the activities of the Department of Transportation during the prior fiscal year.
+
+(b) The Secretary shall submit to Congress each year a report on the conditions of the public ports of the United States, including the—
+
+(1) economic and technological development of the ports;
+
+(2) extent to which the ports contribute to the national welfare and security; and
+
+(3) factors that may impede the continued development of the ports.
+
+(c) (1) The Secretary shall submit to Congress in March 1998, and in March of each even-numbered year thereafter, a report of estimates by the Secretary on the current performance and condition of public mass transportation systems with recommendations for necessary administrative or legislative changes.
+
+(2) In reporting to Congress under this subsection, the Secretary shall prepare a complete assessment of public transportation facilities in the United States. The Secretary also shall assess future needs for those facilities and estimate future capital requirements and operation and maintenance requirements for one-year, 5-year, and 10-year periods at specified levels of service.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2422; Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(1)(A), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1121(h), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, § 1502(c), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3295; Pub. L. 118–63, title II, § 218(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1055.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 97–449 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 308(a)45:792.Jan. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93–236, § 602, 87 Stat. 1022.  49:1658.Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 12, 80 Stat. 949; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, § 906(1), 90 Stat. 149. 308(b)49:1354(e).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 313(e), 72 Stat. 753. 308(c)15:1519a.Oct. 3, 1980, Pub. L. 96–371, § 2, 94 Stat. 1362; Aug. 6, 1981, Pub. L. 97–31, § 12(8), 95 Stat. 154. In subsection (a), the words “As part of his annual report each year” in 45:792 are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement of the source provisions. In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words “aviation activities of the Department” are substituted for “work performed under this chapter” because of the restatement. The words “The report shall include” are substituted for “Such report shall contain” for consistency. In clause (1), the words “and data” after “information” are omitted as surplus. The words “airspace of the United States” are substituted for “National airspace” for clarity and consistency. In clause (2), the words “the Secretary considers necessary” are substituted for “as may be considered” for clarity.
+
+Pub. L. 98–216 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 308(d)49 App.:1654a.Oct. 14, 1980, Pub. L. 96–448, § 409, 94 Stat. 1948; Dec. 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–375, § 210(a), 96 Stat. 1825. 308(e)49 App.:1601c.Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, § 310, 96 Stat. 2151. This [deletion of the last sentence of subsection (a)] is necessary because section 111(b) of the Congressional Reports Elimination Act of 1982 (Pub. L. 97–375, 96 Stat. 1821) repealed section 602 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93–236, 87 Stat. 1022), which was restated as section 308(a) (last sentence) of title 49 by section 1 of the Act of January 12, 1983 (Pub. L. 97–449, 96 Stat. 2413). In subsection (e)(1), the words “January of each even-numbered year” are substituted for “January of 1984 and in January of every second year thereafter” to eliminate unnecessary words.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2024—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–63, § 218(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to annual report on aviation activities of the Department. Subsecs. (c), (e). Pub. L. 118–63, § 218(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b). 1998—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–362 substituted “submit to Congress in March 1998, and in March of each even-numbered year thereafter, a report” for “submit a report to Congress in January of each even-numbered year”. 1995—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out subsec. (d) which related to reports to Congress listing assistance provided by Government to railroad industry. 1984—Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(1)(A)(i), substituted “Reports” for “Annual reports” in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(1)(A)(ii), struck out requirement that the report include a complete statement on the effectiveness of the United States Railway Association and the Consolidated Rail Corporation in carrying out the purposes of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(1)(A)(iii), added subsecs. (d) and (e).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Annual ReportPub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11319, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 545, provided that: “(a) Definition of Covered Project.—In this section, the term ‘covered project’ means a project or activity carried out with funds provided by the Department [of Transportation], including a project carried out under title 23 or 49, United States Code—“(1) that is more than 5 years behind schedule; or “(2) for which the total amount spent on the project or activity is not less than $1,000,000,000 more than the original cost estimate for the project or activity. “(b) Requirement.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], and annually thereafter, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall submit to Congress a report on covered projects of the Department, which shall include, for each covered project—“(1) a brief description of the covered project, including—“(A) the purpose of the covered project; “(B) each location in which the covered project is carried out; “(C) the contract or award number of the covered project, if applicable; “(D) the year in which the covered project was initiated; “(E) the Federal share of the total cost of the covered project; and “(F) each primary contractor, subcontractor, grant recipient, and subgrantee recipient of the covered project; “(2) an explanation of any change to the original scope of the covered project, including by the addition or narrowing of the initial requirements of the covered project; “(3) the original expected date for completion of the covered project; “(4) the current expected date for completion of the covered project; “(5) the original cost estimate for the covered project, as adjusted to reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; “(6) the current cost estimate for the covered project, as adjusted to reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; “(7) an explanation for a delay in completion or an increase in the original cost estimate for the covered project, including, where applicable, any impact of insufficient or delayed appropriations; and “(8) the amount of and rationale for any award, incentive fee, or other type of bonus, if any, awarded for the covered project.”
+
+Rulemaking ReportPub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, § 24210, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 824, provided that: “(a) Definition of Covered Rulemaking.—In this section, the term ‘covered rulemaking’ means a regulation or rulemaking that—“(1) has not been finalized by the date on which the relevant notification is submitted under subsection (b); and “(2) relates to—“(A) section 30120A of title 49, United States Code; “(B) section 30166(o) of title 49, United States Code; “(C) section 30172 of title 49, United States Code; “(D) section 32302(c) of title 49, United States Code; “(E) a defect reporting requirement under section 32302(d) of title 49, United States Code; “(F) subsections (b) and (c) of section 32304A of title 49, United States Code; “(G) the tire pressure monitoring standards required under section 24115 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 30123 note; Public Law 114–94); “(H) the amendment made by section 24402 of the FAST Act (129 Stat. 1720; Public Law 114–94) to section 30120(g)(1) of title 49, United States Code; “(I) the records retention rule required under section 24403 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 30117 note; Public Law 114–94); “(J) the amendments made by section 24405 of the FAST Act (Public Law 114–94; 129 Stat. 1721) to section 30114 of title 49, United States Code; “(K) a defect and noncompliance notification required under—“(i) section 24104 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 30119 note; Public Law 114–94); or “(ii) section 31301 of MAP–21 (49 U.S.C. 30166 note; Public Law 112–141); “(L) a side impact or frontal impact test procedure for child restraint systems under section 31501 of MAP–21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; Public Law 112–141); “(M) an upgrade to child restraint anchorage system usability requirements required under section 31502 of MAP–21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; Public Law 112–141); “(N) the rear seat belt reminder system required under section 31503 of MAP–21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; Public Law 112–141); “(O) a motorcoach rulemaking required under section 32703 of MAP–21 (49 U.S.C. 31136 note; Public Law 112–141); or “(P) any rulemaking required under this Act [div. B of Pub. L. 117–58, see Tables for classification]. “(b) Notification.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], and not less frequently than biannually thereafter until the applicable covered rulemaking is complete, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a written notification that includes, with respect to each covered rulemaking—“(1) for a covered rulemaking with a statutory deadline for completion—“(A) an explanation of why the deadline was not met; and “(B) an expected date of completion of the covered rulemaking; and “(2) for a covered rulemaking without a statutory deadline for completion, an expected date of completion of the covered rulemaking. “(c) Additional Contents.—A notification under subsection (b) shall include, for each applicable covered rulemaking—“(1) an updated timeline; “(2) a list of factors causing delays in the completion of the covered rulemaking; and “(3) any other details associated with the status of the covered rulemaking.”
+
+Availability of ReportsPub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1434, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1430, provided that: “(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall make available to the public on the website of the Department any report required to be submitted by the Secretary to Congress after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015]. “(b) Deadline.—Each report described in subsection (a) shall be made available on the website not later than 30 days after the report is submitted to Congress.”
+
+Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which reporting provisions contained in subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section and, as subsequently amended, subsec. (e) of this section, are listed, respectively, as the 11th item on page 133, the last item on page 132, and the 5th item on page 138), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Annual Report on Safety Enforcement Activities of Federal Aviation AdministrationPub. L. 100–202, § 101(l) [title III, § 317(a)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–380, and Pub. L. 100–457, title III, § 317(a), Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2148, which required Secretary of Transportation to transmit to Congress an annual report on Federal Aviation Administration’s prior safety enforcement activities including staffing level comparisons, inspector experience and training schedules, criteria used to set annual work programs, annual inspection comparisons, statement of adequacy of internal management controls, status of regulatory changes, list of specific operational measures of effectiveness, schedule showing number of civil penalty cases closed, schedule showing number of enforcement actions taken, and schedules showing aviation industry’s safety record, were repealed and reenacted as section 44723 of this title by Pub. L. 103–272, §§ 1(e), 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1202, 1379.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-310.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 310"
+description: "Aligning Federal environmental reviews"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "310"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 310"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s310"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 310 - Aligning Federal environmental reviews
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Coordinated and Concurrent Environmental Reviews.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Department of Transportation, in coordination with the heads of Federal agencies likely to have substantive review or approval responsibilities under Federal law, shall develop a coordinated and concurrent environmental review and permitting process for transportation projects when initiating an environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) (in this section referred to as “NEPA”).
+
+(b) Contents.— The coordinated and concurrent environmental review and permitting process developed under subsection (a) shall—
+
+(1) ensure that the Department of Transportation and agencies of jurisdiction possess sufficient information early in the review process to determine a statement of a transportation project’s purpose and need and range of alternatives for analysis that the lead agency and agencies of jurisdiction will rely on for concurrent environmental reviews and permitting decisions required for the proposed project;
+
+(2) achieve early concurrence or issue resolution during the NEPA scoping process on the Department of Transportation’s statement of a project’s purpose and need, and during development of the environmental impact statement on the range of alternatives for analysis, that the lead agency and agencies of jurisdiction will rely on for concurrent environmental reviews and permitting decisions required for the proposed project absent circumstances that require reconsideration in order to meet an agency of jurisdiction’s obligations under a statute or Executive order; and
+
+(3) achieve concurrence or issue resolution in an expedited manner if circumstances arise that require a reconsideration of the purpose and need or range of alternatives considered during any Federal agency’s environmental or permitting review in order to meet an agency of jurisdiction’s obligations under a statute or Executive order.
+
+(c) Environmental Checklist.— (1) In general.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation and Federal agencies of jurisdiction likely to have substantive review or approval responsibilities on transportation projects shall jointly develop a checklist to help project sponsors identify potential natural, cultural, and historic resources in the area of a proposed project.
+
+(2) Purpose.— The purpose of the checklist shall be to—
+
+(A) identify agencies of jurisdiction and cooperating agencies;
+
+(B) develop the information needed for the purpose and need and alternatives for analysis; and
+
+(C) improve interagency collaboration to help expedite the permitting process for the lead agency and agencies of jurisdiction.
+
+(d) Interagency Collaboration.— (1) In general.— Consistent with Federal environmental statutes, the Secretary of Transportation shall facilitate annual interagency collaboration sessions at the appropriate jurisdictional level to coordinate business plans and facilitate coordination of workload planning and workforce management.
+
+(2) Purpose of collaboration sessions.— The interagency collaboration sessions shall ensure that agency staff is—
+
+(A) fully engaged;
+
+(B) utilizing the flexibility of existing regulations, policies, and guidance; and
+
+(C) identifying additional actions to facilitate high quality, efficient, and targeted environmental reviews and permitting decisions.
+
+(3) Focus of collaboration sessions.— The interagency collaboration sessions, and the interagency collaborations generated by the sessions, shall focus on methods to—
+
+(A) work with State and local transportation entities to improve project planning, siting, and application quality; and
+
+(B) consult and coordinate with relevant stakeholders and Federal, tribal, State, and local representatives early in permitting processes.
+
+(4) Consultation.— The interagency collaboration sessions shall include a consultation with groups or individuals representing State, tribal, and local governments that are engaged in the infrastructure permitting process.
+
+(e) Performance Measurement.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a program to measure and report on progress toward aligning Federal reviews and reducing permitting and project delivery time as outlined in this section.
+
+(f) Reports.— (1) Report to congress.— Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section and biennially thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and make publicly available on the Department of Transportation website, a report that describes—
+
+(A) progress in aligning Federal environmental reviews under this section; and
+
+(B) the impact this section has had on accelerating the environmental review and permitting process.
+
+(2) Inspector general report.— Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that describes—
+
+(A) progress in aligning Federal environmental reviews under this section; and
+
+(B) the impact this section has had on accelerating the environmental review and permitting process.
+
+(g) Savings Provision.— This section shall not apply to any project subject to section 139 of title 23.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1313(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1400; amended Pub. L. 115–420, § 3, Jan. 3, 2019, 132 Stat. 5444.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c)(1), (e), and (f)(1), (2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§ 4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2019—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–420 inserted “, and make publicly available on the Department of Transportation website,” after “House of Representatives” in introductory provisions.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective DateSection effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-311.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 311"
+description: "Congressional notification requirements"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "311"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 311"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s311"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "17c3cb792770eaf5fa7c572081c5b7df6d7f996803f37a62f5b33e79a047852c"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 311 - Congressional notification requirements
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Except as provided in subsection (b) or as expressly provided in another provision of law, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress notice of an announcement concerning a covered project at least 3 full business days before the announcement is made by the Department.
+
+(b) Emergency Program.— With respect to an allocation of funds under section 125 of title 23, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate notice of the allocation—
+
+(1) at least 3 full business days before the issuance of the allocation; or
+
+(2) concurrently with the issuance of the allocation, if the allocation is made using the quick release process of the Department (or any successor process).
+
+(c) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions apply:
+
+(1) Appropriate committees of congress.— The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
+
+(A) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and
+
+(B) the Committee on Environment and Public Works, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.
+
+(2) Covered project.— The term “covered project” means a project competitively selected by the Department to receive a discretionary grant award, letter of intent, loan commitment, loan guarantee commitment, or line of credit commitment in an amount equal to or greater than $750,000.
+
+(3) Department.— The term “Department” means the Department of Transportation, including the modal administrations of the Department.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 114–322, title IV, § 5001(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1884.)

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-312.md

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 312"
+description: "Alternative timing system"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "312"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 312"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s312"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "896b83599d441d8117ec8545311a33da73163d1248954a6846de1620ac39e4b5"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 312 - Alternative timing system
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide for the establishment, sustainment, and operation of a resilient,11 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. and reliable alternative timing system—
+
+(1) to reduce critical dependencies and provide a complement to and backup for the timing component of the Global Positioning System (referred to in this section as “GPS”); and
+
+(2) to ensure the availability of uncorrupted and non-degraded timing signals for military and civilian users in the event that GPS timing signals are corrupted, degraded, unreliable, or otherwise unavailable.
+
+(b) Establishment of Requirements.— (1) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2018, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish requirements for the procurement of the system required by subsection (a) as a complement to and backup for the timing component of GPS in accordance with the timing requirements study required by section 1618 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2595).
+
+(2) Requirements.— The Secretary of Transportation shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the system established under subsection (a) will—
+
+(A) be wireless;
+
+(B) be terrestrial;
+
+(C) provide wide-area coverage;
+
+(D) be synchronized with coordinated universal time;
+
+(E) be resilient and extremely difficult to disrupt or degrade;
+
+(F) be able to penetrate underground and inside buildings;
+
+(G) be capable of deployment to remote locations;
+
+(H) be developed, constructed, and operated incorporating applicable private sector expertise;
+
+(I) work in concert with and complement any other similar positioning, navigation, and timing systems, including enhanced long-range navigation systems and Nationwide Differential GPS systems;
+
+(J) be available for use by Federal and non-Federal government agencies for public purposes at no net cost to the Federal Government within 10 years of initiation of operation;
+
+(K) be capable of adaptation and expansion to provide position and navigation capabilities;
+
+(L) incorporate the recommendations from any GPS back-up demonstration program initiated and completed by the Secretary, in coordination with other Federal agencies, before the date specified in subsection (c)(1); and
+
+(M) incorporate such other elements as the Secretary considers appropriate.
+
+(c) Implementation Plan.— (1) Plan required.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2018, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report setting forth the following:
+
+(A) A plan to develop, construct, and operate the system required by subsection (a).
+
+(B) A description and assessment of the advantages of a system to provide a follow-on complementary and backup positioning and navigation capability to the timing component of GPS.
+
+(2) Deadline for commencement of operation.— The system required by subsection (a) shall be in operation by not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2018.
+
+(3) Minimum duration of operational capability.— The system required by subsection (a) shall be designed to be fully operational for not less than 20 years.
+
+(d) LORAN Facilities.— (1) In general.— If the Secretary of Transportation determines that any LORAN infrastructure, including the underlying real property and any spectrum associated with LORAN, in the possession of the Coast Guard is required by the Department of Transportation for the purpose of establishing the system required by subsection (a), the Commandant shall transfer such property, spectrum, and equipment to the Secretary.
+
+(2) CERCLA not affected.— This subsection shall not be construed to limit the application of or otherwise affect section 120(h) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9620(h)) with respect to the Federal Government facilities described in paragraph (1).
+
+(e) Cooperative Agreement.— (1) In general.— The Secretary of Transportation may enter into a cooperative agreement (as that term is described in section 6305 of title 31) with an entity upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary of Transportation determines will fulfill the purpose and requirements of this section and be in the public interest.
+
+(2) Requirements.— The cooperative agreement under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, require the Secretary of Transportation to—
+
+(A) authorize the entity to sell timing and other services to commercial and non-commercial third parties, subject to any national security requirements determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense;
+
+(B) require the entity to develop, construct, and operate at private expense the backup timing system in accordance with this section;
+
+(C) allow the entity to make any investments in technologies necessary over the life of such agreement to meet future requirements for advanced timing resilience and technologies;
+
+(D) require the entity to share 25 percent of the gross proceeds received by the entity from the sale of timing services to third parties with the Secretary for at least 10 years after the date upon which the Secretary enters into the cooperative agreement;
+
+(E) require the entity—
+
+(i) to assume all financial risk for the completion and operational capability of the system, after the Secretary provides any LORAN facilities necessary for the system under subsection (d), if required for the alternative timing system; and
+
+(ii) to furnish performance and payment bonds in connection with the system in a reasonable amount as determined by the Secretary; and
+
+(F) require the entity to make any investments in technologies necessary over the life of the agreement to meet future requirements for advanced timing resiliency.
+
+(3) Competition required.— The Secretary shall use competitive procedures similar to those authorized under section 2667 of title 10 in selecting an entity to enter into a cooperative agreement pursuant to this subsection.
+
+(4) Authorization to purchase services.— The Secretary may not purchase timing system services from the entity for use by the Department of Transportation or for provision to other Federal and non-Federal governmental agencies until the system achieves operational status, and then only if the necessary funds for such purchases are provided for in subsequent yearly appropriations acts made available to the Secretary for each and every year in which such purchases are made.
+
+(5) Determination requirement.— The Secretary may not enter into a cooperative agreement under this subsection unless the Secretary determines that the cooperative agreement is in the best financial interest of the Federal Government. The Secretary shall notify the Committee on Committee on 22 So in original. Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of such determination not later than 30 days after the date of the determination.
+
+(6) Definition.— In this subsection the term “entity” means a non-Federal entity with the demonstrated technical expertise and requisite administrative and financial resources to meet any terms and conditions established by the Secretary for purposes of this subsection.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 115–282, title V, § 514(b), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4276; amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. G, title LVXXXV [LXXXV], § 8507(d)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4754; Pub. L. 117–103, div. L, title I, § 109A, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 691.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2018, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1) and (c)(1), (2), is the date of enactment of section 514 of Pub. L. 115–282, which was approved Dec. 4, 2018. Section 1618 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is section 1618 of Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XVI, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2595, which is not classified to the Code.
+
+Amendments2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–103 struck out “land-based,” after “operation of a”. 2021—Pub. L. 116–283 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 115–282, § 514(b), which enacted this section.
+
+Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentSection 8507(d) of div. G of Pub. L. 116–283 effective as if included in Pub. L. 115–282, see section 8507(d)(7) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 1226 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Short TitleFor short title of section 514 of Pub. L. 115–282, which enacted this section, as the “National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2018”, see section 514(a) of Pub. L. 115–282, set out as a Short Title of 2018 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-313.md

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+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 313"
+description: "Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology Council"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "313"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 313"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s313"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "cbcc180926be625ce26320439628f30c746eba07700180ee2e8e3648d9e2c905"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "4b98af54f0dc2202d60c622c3ac4c4d79ca87faab5efa3984dbc637c0c50b1be"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 313 - Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology Council
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) shall establish a council, to be known as the “Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology Council” (referred to in this section as the “Council”), to address coordination on emerging technology issues across all modes of transportation.
+
+(b) Membership.— (1) In general.— The Council shall be composed of—
+
+(A) the Secretary, who shall serve as an ex officio member of the Council;
+
+(B) the Deputy Secretary of Transportation;
+
+(C) the Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy;
+
+(D) the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation;
+
+(E) the Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs of the Department of Transportation;
+
+(F) the General Counsel of the Department of Transportation;
+
+(G) the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Transportation;
+
+(H) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration;
+
+(I) the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration;
+
+(J) the Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration;
+
+(K) the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration;
+
+(L) the Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration;
+
+(M) the Administrator of the Maritime Administration;
+
+(N) the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration;
+
+(O) the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; and
+
+(P) any other official of the Department of Transportation, as determined by the Secretary.
+
+(2) Chair and vice chair.— (A) Chair.— The Deputy Secretary of Transportation (or a designee) shall serve as Chair of the Council.
+
+(B) Vice chair.— The Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy (or a designee) shall serve as Vice Chair of the Council.
+
+(c) Duties.— The Council shall—
+
+(1) identify and resolve jurisdictional and regulatory gaps or inconsistencies associated with nontraditional and emerging transportation technologies, modes, or projects pending or brought before the Department of Transportation to reduce, to the maximum extent practicable, impediments to the prompt and safe deployment of new and innovative transportation technology, including with respect to—
+
+(A) safety oversight;
+
+(B) environmental review; and
+
+(C) funding and financing issues;
+
+(2) coordinate the response of the Department of Transportation to nontraditional and emerging transportation technology projects;
+
+(3) engage with stakeholders in nontraditional and emerging transportation technology projects; and
+
+(4) develop and establish Department of Transportation-wide processes, solutions, and best practices for identifying and managing nontraditional and emerging transportation technology projects.
+
+(d) Best Practices.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Council shall—
+
+(1) publish initial guidelines to achieve the purposes described in subsection (c)(4); and
+
+(2) promote each modal administration within the Department of Transportation to further test and support the advancement of nontraditional and emerging transportation technologies not specifically considered by the Council.
+
+(e) Support.— The Office of the Secretary shall provide support for the Council.
+
+(f) Meetings.— The Council shall meet not less frequently than 4 times per year, at the call of the Chair.
+
+(g) Lead Modal Administration.— For each nontraditional or emerging transportation technology, mode, or project associated with a jurisdictional or regulatory gap or inconsistency identified under subsection (c)(1), the Chair of the Council shall—
+
+(1) designate a lead modal administration of the Department of Transportation for review of the technology, mode, or project; and
+
+(2) arrange for the detailing of staff between modal administrations or offices of the Department of Transportation as needed to maximize the sharing of experience and expertise.
+
+(h) Transparency.— Not later than 1 year after the date of establishment of the Council, and not less frequently than annually thereafter until December 31, 2026, the Council shall post on a publicly accessible website a report describing the activities of the Council during the preceding calendar year.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, § 25008(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 850.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-321.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 321"
+description: "Definitions"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "321"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 321"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s321"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "9e691c04e725cfb498243c92330c8171683b36a283a3a33900223b52e8111eff"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "0525ad52e46209e9a80fbf5b321858d67a47e12515851fe7e69a2b07ffb74d8d"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 321 - Definitions
+
+## Text
+
+In this subchapter, “aeronautics”, “air commerce”, and “air navigation facility” have the same meanings given those terms in section 40102(a) of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2422; Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(2), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 103–272, § 5(m)(8), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1376; Pub. L. 103–429, § 6(2), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 97–449 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 321(no source). A number of the source provisions of the subchapter are taken from 49:ch. 20. The text of 49:ch. 20 contains general definitions, some of which are used in those source provisions. The section includes those definitions from 49:ch. 20 that are used in the source provisions included in the subchapter.
+
+Pub. L. 103–429This makes a clarifying amendment to 49:321.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–429 struck out “, respectively” after “of this title”. Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “section 40102(a) of this title” for “section 101(2), (4), and (8) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 App. U.S.C. 1301(2), (4), (8))”. 1984—Pub. L. 98–216 substituted “49 App. U.S.C.” for “49 U.S.C.”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103–429, § 9, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4391, provided that: “The amendments made by sections 6(2)–(15), (19)–(35), (37)–(39), (41), (44)–(52), (54)–(62), (65), (66)(B), (70), (73)–(76), and (78)–(81) of this Act [enacting section 41312 of this title and amending this section and sections 5103, 5104, 5115, 5125, 5307, 5318, 5320, 5323, 5326, 5327, 5331, 5337, 5565, 20136, 22108, 24501, 24904, 30141, 30165, 30166, 30308, 31501, 32101, 32304, 32309, 32505, 32703, 32705, 32706, 32908 to 32910, 32913, 33101, 33106, 40102, 40104, 40110, 41103, 41110, 41734, 44502, 44701, 44711, 44937, 45105, 45302, 46301, 46310, 46502, 47101, 47113, 47114, 47128, 47531, 47532, 60109, and 60112 of this title] shall take effect on July 5, 1994.”

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-323.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 323"
+description: "Personnel"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "323"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 323"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s323"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "166af1a65d124b1bf89aee85cd8970c9227aa92db12716ddd29da9dea3a59631"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "4127aa39ac484cf8ae3f733d81ac0e871bbfbeb52d7785e29b0fe20b541502cc"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 323 - Personnel
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation may appoint and fix the pay of officers and employees of the Department of Transportation and may prescribe their duties and powers.
+
+(b) The Secretary may procure services under section 3109 of title 5. However, an individual may be paid not more than $100 a day for services.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2423.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 323(a)49:1343(d).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(f), 72 Stat. 746; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, § 205(b), 75 Stat. 791; Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, § 1001(h), 76 Stat. 864.  49:1343(f).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(h), 72 Stat. 746; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, § 205(a), 75 Stat. 791.  49:1657(a).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(a), (b), 80 Stat. 944; Mar. 27, 1978, Pub. L. 95–251, § 2(a)(12), 92 Stat. 183. 323(b)49:1343(g) (1st sentence 33d–43d words).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(i) (1st sentence 31st–41st words), 72 Stat. 747.  49:1657(b). In the section, the word “pay” is substituted for “compensation” for consistency with title 5. In subsection (a), the words “In addition to the authority contained in any other Act which is transferred to and vested in the Secretary, the National Transportation Safety Board, or any other officer in the Department” before “the Secretary” and “subject to the civil service and classification laws” before “to select” in 49:1657(a) are omitted as unnecessary because of title 5, especially sections 3301, 5101, and 5331. The word “appoint” is substituted for “select, employ, appoint” because it is inclusive. The words “attorneys, and agents” after “employees” in 49:1343(d) and “including investigators, attorneys, and administrative law judges” after “employees” in 49:1657(a) are omitted as included in “officers and employees”. The words “of the Department of Transportation” are substituted for “as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter” for consistency. The text of 49:1343(d) (words after 1st comma) is omitted because of section 414(a)(1)(B) of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95–454, 92 Stat. 1177). The text of 49:1343(f) is omitted because of section 414(a)(2)(A) of that Act. In subsection (b), the word “procure” is substituted for “obtain” to conform to 5:3109. The words “unless otherwise specified in an appropriation Act” after “individuals” in 49:1657(b) are omitted as surplus.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Post-Employment Policy StudyPub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31308(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 770, provided that: “(1) In general.—The Inspector General of the Department of Transportation shall conduct a study of the Department’s policies relating to post-employment restrictions on employees who perform functions related to transportation safety. “(2) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of Title 23, Highways], the Inspector General shall submit a report containing the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1) to—“(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; “(B) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives; and “(C) the Secretary of Transportation. “(3) Use of results.—The Secretary of Transportation shall review the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1) and take whatever action the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-324.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 324"
+description: "Members of the armed forces"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "324"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 324"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s324"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "3cccf44950587377de514e473a49cd69261e575eae53411f23e636f5f4ea4ef9"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "9a982b6bfc8ed89eae05e8ca603fb503fd5e5ad0372ab1c0562d4b7d0cbe4324"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 324 - Members of the armed forces
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation—
+
+(1) to ensure that national defense interests are safeguarded properly and that the Secretary is advised properly about the needs and special problems of the armed forces, shall provide for participation of members of the armed forces in carrying out the duties and powers of the Secretary related to the regulation and protection of air traffic, including providing for, and research and development of, air navigation facilities, and the allocation of airspace; and
+
+(2) may provide for participation of members of the armed forces in carrying out other duties and powers of the Secretary.
+
+(b) A member of the Coast Guard on active duty may be appointed, detailed, or assigned to a position in the Department of Transportation, except the position of Secretary, Deputy Secretary, or Assistant Secretary for Administration. A retired member of the Coast Guard may be appointed, detailed, or assigned to a position in the Department.
+
+(c) The Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of a military department may make cooperative agreements, including agreements on reimbursement as may be considered appropriate by the Secretaries, under which a member of the armed forces may be appointed, detailed, or assigned to the Department of Transportation under this section. The Secretary of Transportation shall send a report each year to the appropriate committees of Congress on agreements made to carry out subsection (a)(2) of this section, including the number, rank, and position of each member appointed, detailed, or assigned under those agreements.
+
+(d) The Secretary of a military department does not control the duties and powers of a member of the armed forces appointed, detailed, or assigned under this section when those duties and powers pertain to the Department of Transportation. A member of the armed forces appointed, detailed, or assigned under subsection (a)(2) of this section may not be charged against a statutory limitation on grades or strengths of the armed forces. The appointment, detail, or assignment and service of a member under this section to a position in the Department of Transportation does not affect the status, office, rank, or grade held by that member, or a right or benefit arising from that status, office, rank, or grade.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2423.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 324(a)(1)49:1343(a)(1) (1st sentence).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(c)(1), (2) (related to cooperative agreements), 72 Stat. 745. 324(a)(2)49:1657(c) (1st sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(c), (d), 80 Stat. 944. 324(b)49:1657(p).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(p), 80 Stat. 947; Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, § 16(b), 88 Stat. 1533. 324(c)49:1343(a)(1) (less 1st sentence).  49:1657(c) (less 1st sentence), (d)(2). 324(d)49:1343(a)(2) (related to cooperative agreements).  49:1657(d)(1). In the section, the words “members of the armed forces” are substituted for “military personnel”, “Members of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, or the Marine Corps”, and “members of the armed services” for clarity and to conform to title 10. In subsection (a)(2), the words “other duties and powers of the Secretary” are substituted for “the functions of the Department” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (b), the words “Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter or other law” before “a member” and “Subject to the provisions of title 5” before “a retired” are omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (c), the words “The Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of a military department may make cooperative agreements under which” are substituted for “by the appropriate Secretary, pursuant to cooperative agreements with the Secretary of Transportation” in 49:1343(a)(1) and 49:1657(c) for clarity. The words “or the Coast Guard” before “may be detailed” in 49:1343(a)(1) (2d sentence) are omitted because of the transfer of the Coast Guard to the Secretary under 49:1655(b) and the transfer of aviation functions to the Secretary under 49:1655(c)(1). The words “may be appointed, detailed, or assigned” are substituted for “may be detailed” for clarity and consistency in 49:1343(a)(1) and 49:1657(c). The words “to the Department of Transportation” are substituted for “for service in the Administration to effect such participation” in 49:1343(a)(1) because of the transfer of aviation functions to the Secretary under 49:1655(c)(1) and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “in writing” after “annually” in 49:1657(d)(2) are omitted as unnecessary. The words “each member appointed, detailed, or assigned” are substituted for “personnel appointed” and “members of the armed services detailed” in 49:1657(d)(2) for clarity and consistency. In subsection (d), the words “The Secretary of a military department” are substituted for “his armed force or any officer thereof” in 49:1657(d)(1) and “the department from which detailed or appointed or by any agency or officer thereof” in 49:1343(a)(2) for clarity and consistency. The words “directly or indirectly” before “with respect to” are omitted as surplus. The words “the duties and powers of . . . when those duties and powers pertain to the Department of Transportation” are substituted for “with respect to his responsibilities under this chapter or within the Administration” in 49:1343(a)(2) and “with respect to the responsibilities exercised in the position to which appointed, detailed, or assigned” in 49:1657(d)(1) for consistency and because of the transfer of aviation functions to the Secretary under 49:1655(c)(1). The words “does not control” are substituted for “No … shall be subject to direction or control by” in 49:1343(a)(2) and “shall not be subject to direction by or control by” 49:1657(d)(1) for clarity. The words “the acceptance of” before “and service” and “any appointive or other” before “position” in 49:1657(d)(1) are omitted as unnecessary. The words “a member” are added because of the restatement of the section. The words “that member” are substituted for “commissioned officers or enlisted men” in 49:1343(a)(2) and “officers and enlisted men” in 49:1657(d)(1) because of the restatement of the section and to eliminate unnecessary words. The word “held” is substituted for “may occupy or hold” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “right or benefit” are substituted for “emolument, perquisite, right, privilege, or benefit” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “incident to or” before “arising” are omitted as surplus.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Reporting RequirementsFor termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (c) of this section is listed as the 5th item on page 132), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-325.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 325"
+description: "Advisory committees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "325"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 325"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s325"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "78a0769d5b1cdadf483836aa48b3664dd355ef03af3a42b0f03bcd5dd3d79719"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "66684dc4867f84b4ac2809a79e8e5631e703c5488f3a8d5fb208d0b4527db7b6"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 325 - Advisory committees
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service, the Secretary of Transportation may appoint advisory committees to consult with and advise the Secretary in carrying out the duties and powers of the Secretary.
+
+(b) While attending a committee meeting or otherwise serving at the request of the Secretary, a member of an advisory committee may be paid not more than $100 a day. A member is entitled to reimbursement for expenses under section 5703 of title 5. This subsection does not apply to individuals regularly employed by the United States Government.
+
+(c) A member of an advisory committee advising the Secretary in carrying out aviation duties and powers may serve for not more than 100 days in a calendar year.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2424.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 325(a)49:1343(g) (1st sentence 1st–32d words).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(i) (less 1st sentence 31st–41st words), 72 Stat. 747.  49:1657(o) (1st sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(o), 80 Stat. 947. 325(b)49:1343(g) (1st sentence 44th–53d words, last sentence).  49:1657(o) (last sentence). 325(c)49:1343(g) (1st sentence 54th–last words). In subsection (a), the words “provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service” are substituted for “civil service laws” in 49:1657(o) for clarity and consistency. The words “as shall be appropriate for the purpose of” before “consultation” in 49:1657(o) are omitted as surplus. The words “the Secretary in carrying out the duties and powers of the Secretary” are substituted for “the Department in performance of its functions” in 49:1657(o) and “the Administration in performance of its functions hereunder” in 49:1343(g) for clarity and consistency because the duties and powers are vested in the Secretary of Transportation. In subsection (b), the word “compensation” after “may be paid” in 49:1657(o) is omitted as surplus. The words “not more than $100 a day” are substituted for “at rates not exceeding those authorized for individuals under subsection (b) of this section” in 49:1657(o) for clarity because that is the rate under 49:1657(b). The words “A member is entitled to reimbursement for expenses under section 5703 of title 5” are substituted for 49:1343(g) (last sentence) and 49:1657(o) (last sentence words after 4th comma) for clarity. In subsection (c), the words “A member of an advisory committee advising the Secretary” are substituted for “in the case of any individual” in 49:1343(g) for clarity. The words “may serve” are added for clarity and because of the restatement of the section. The words “in carrying out aviation duties and powers” are added because the source provisions being restated only applies to carrying out duties and powers related to the Federal Aviation Administration.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Termination of Advisory CommitteesAdvisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-326.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 326"
+description: "Gifts"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "326"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 326"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s326"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "3dae53230e5422fc282a7732db129432091a9dca6ee2e1d66dd828eca2e3d7e9"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "a6fb18115712729fa43c3252c7f6e777abcdbaf10040be756451071ca7691550"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 326 - Gifts
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation may accept and use conditional or unconditional gifts of property for the Department of Transportation. The Secretary may accept a gift of services in carrying out aviation duties and powers. Property accepted under this section and proceeds from that property must be used, as nearly as possible, under the terms of the gift.
+
+(b) The Department has a fund in the Treasury. Disbursements from the fund are made on order of the Secretary. The fund consists of—
+
+(1) gifts of money;
+
+(2) income from property accepted under this section and proceeds from the sale of that property; and
+
+(3) income from securities under subsection (c) of this section.
+
+(c) On request of the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury may invest and reinvest amounts in the fund in securities of, or in securities whose principal and interest is guaranteed by, the United States Government.
+
+(d) Property accepted under this section is a gift to or for the use of the Government under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.).
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2424; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 326(a)49:1344(c)(1).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 303(c)(1), 72 Stat. 748.  49:1657(m)(1) (1st, 3d sentences).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(m), 80 Stat. 946. 326(b)49:1657(m)(1) (2d sentence), (3) (less 1st sentence). 326(c)49:1657(m)(3) (1st sentence). 326(d)49:1657(m)(2). In the section, the word “gifts” is substituted for “gifts and bequests” in 49:1657(m)(1) because it is inclusive. In subsection (a), the words “accept and use” are substituted for “accept, hold, administer, and utilize”, and the words “for the Department” are substituted for “for the purpose of aiding or facilitating the work of the Department” in 49:1657(m)(1), to eliminate unnecessary words. The word “property” is substituted for “property, both real and personal” in 49:1657(m)(1), and “gift or donation of money or other property, real and personal” in 49:1344(c)(1) to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “aviation duties and powers” are added because the source provisions being restated only applies to carrying out duties and powers related to the Federal Aviation Administration. The words “under this section and proceeds from that property” are substituted for “pursuant to this paragraph, and the proceeds thereof” in 49:1657(m)(1) for clarity. In subsection (b), the words “The Department has a” and “The fund consists of” are added for clarity and because of the restatement of the section. The word “separate” before “fund” is omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The words “from the fund” are added for clarity. The words “accepted under this section” are substituted for “held by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1)” for clarity. The words “that property” are substituted for “other property received as gifts or bequests” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “from securities under subsection (c) of this section” are substituted for “accruing from such securities” for clarity. In subsection (c), the words “amounts in the fund” are substituted for “any moneys contained in the fund provided for in paragraph (1)” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (d), the words “under this section” are substituted for “under paragraph (1)” because of the restatement of the section. The words “the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.)” are substituted for “For the purpose of Federal income, estate, and gift taxes” for consistency.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1986—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-327.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 327"
+description: "Administrative working capital fund"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "327"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 327"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s327"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "af416d6c015054535082c4d014a7b39376d52f7ff2df3138e3ffcb2b63af6205"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "18486daa7eceaa777cd3234056af9adf6aecae0bbbcd6c2a67cb361fb4054ef3"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 327 - Administrative working capital fund
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Department of Transportation has an administrative working capital fund. Amounts in the fund are available for expenses of operating and maintaining common administrative services the Secretary of Transportation decides are desirable for the efficiency and economy of the Department. The services may include—
+
+(1) a central supply service for stationery and other supplies and equipment through which adequate stocks may be maintained to meet the requirements of the Department;
+
+(2) central messenger, mail, telephone, and other communications services;
+
+(3) office space;
+
+(4) central services for document reproduction, and for graphics and visual aids; and
+
+(5) a central library service.
+
+(b) Amounts in the fund are available without regard to fiscal year limitation. Amounts may be appropriated to the fund.
+
+(c) The fund consists of—
+
+(1) amounts appropriated to the fund;
+
+(2) the reasonable value of stocks of supplies, equipment, and other assets and inventories on order that the Secretary transfers to the fund, less the related liabilities and unpaid obligations;
+
+(3) amounts received from the sale or exchange of property; and
+
+(4) payments received for loss or damage to property of the fund.
+
+(d) The fund shall be reimbursed, in advance, from amounts available to the Department or from other sources, for supplies and services at rates that will approximate the expenses of operation, including the accrual of annual leave and the depreciation of equipment. Amounts in the fund, in excess of amounts transferred or appropriated to maintain the fund, shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. All assets, liabilities, and prior losses are considered in determining the amount of the excess.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2425.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 327(a)49:1657(j) (1st sentence less 11th–17th words).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(j), 80 Stat. 945. 327(b)49:1657(j) (1st sentence 11th–17th words, 2d sentence, 18th–22d words). 327(c)49:1657(j) (2d sentence less 18th–22d words, 4th sentence). 327(d)49:1657(j) (less 1st, 2d, 4th sentences). In subsection (a), the words “Department of Transportation has” are substituted for “Secretary is authorized to establish” because the working capital fund has been established. The words “administrative” before “working” and “Amounts in the fund are available” are added for clarity. The words “the Secretary of Transportation decides are” are substituted for “as he shall find to be” for clarity. The words “desirable for the economy” are substituted for “desirable in the interest of economy” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “such services as” before “a central supply service” and “in whole or in part” before “the requirements of the Department” are omitted as surplus. The words “the requirements of the Department” are substituted for “the requirements of the Department and its agencies” because they are inclusive. In subsection (b), the words “Amounts in the fund” are added for clarity. The words “Amounts may be appropriated to the fund” are substituted for “(which appropriations are hereby authorized)” for clarity. In subsection (c), the words “The fund consists of” are substituted for “The capital of the fund shall consist of” and “The fund shall also be credited with” for clarity. The word “reasonable” is substituted for “fair and reasonable” because it is inclusive. The words “amounts appropriated to the fund” are substituted for “of any appropriations made for the purpose of providing capital” for clarity. The words “amounts received from the sale” are substituted for “receipts from the sale”, and the words “payments received for loss” are substituted for “receipts in payment for”, as being more precise. In subsection (d), the words “agencies and offices in” after “available funds of” are omitted because they are included in “Department”. The words “Amounts in the fund, in excess of amounts” are added for clarity. The words “any surplus found in the fund . . . above the” after “miscellaneous receipts” are omitted because of the restatement of this section. The words “to establish and” before “maintain” are omitted because the working capital fund has been established. The words “deposited in the Treasury” are substituted for “covered into the United States Treasury” for consistency. The words “are . . . in determining the amount of the excess” are added for clarity.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-328.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 328"
+description: "Transportation Systems Center working capital fund"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "328"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 328"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s328"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "05b6b87987c27ccb76814f04273efa9af413ccf0006849a05f4cdf5ab2d9f5e1"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "678c1e78a924defd90d14bf0b02b6945f53aa140b843df1db3d315d700f83dfa"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 328 - Transportation Systems Center working capital fund
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Department of Transportation has a Transportation Systems Center working capital fund. Amounts in the fund are available for financing the activities of the Center, including research, development, testing, evaluation, analysis, and related activities the Secretary of Transportation approves, for the Department, other agencies, State and local governments, other public authorities, private organizations, and foreign countries.
+
+(b) Amounts in the fund are available without regard to fiscal year limitation. Amounts may be appropriated to the fund.
+
+(c) The capital of the fund consists of—
+
+(1) amounts appropriated to the fund;
+
+(2) net assets of the Center as of October 1, 1980, including unexpended advances made to the Center for which valid obligations were incurred before October 1, 1980;
+
+(3) the reasonable value of property and other assets transferred to the fund after September 30, 1980, less the related liabilities and unpaid obligations; and
+
+(4) the reasonable value of property and other assets donated to the fund.
+
+(d) The fund shall be reimbursed or credited with—
+
+(1) advance payments from applicable funds or appropriations of the Department and other agencies, and with advance payments from other sources, the Secretary authorizes, for—
+
+(A) services at rates that will recover the expenses of operation, including the accrual of annual leave and overhead; and
+
+(B) acquiring property and equipment under regulations the Secretary prescribes; and
+
+(2) receipts from the sale or exchange of property or in payment for loss or damage of property held by the fund.
+
+(e) The Secretary shall deposit at the end of each fiscal year, in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts, amounts accruing in the fund that the Secretary decides are in excess of the needs of the fund.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2425.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 328(a)49:1657(r)(1) (1st sentence, 2d sentence words before last comma, last sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, § 9(r); added May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, § 207, 94 Stat. 413. 328(b)49:1657(r)(1) (2d sentence words after last comma), (2)(B) (words after last comma). 328(c)49:1657(r)(2)(A), (B) (words before last comma), (C). 328(d)49:1657(r)(3). 328(e)49:1657(r)(4). In subsection (a), the words “Department of Transportation has” are substituted for “Secretary is authorized to establish” because the working capital fund has been established. The text of 49:1657(r)(1) (2d sentence words before last comma) are omitted as executed. The words “The Transportation Systems Center is authorized to perform” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The word “approves” is substituted for “direct . . . and, when approved by the Secretary” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “or his designee” are omitted because of section 322(b) of the revised title. In subsection (c)(3) and (4), the words “fair and” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (c)(3), the words “by the Department and other agencies of the Government” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (c)(4), the words “from other sources” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (d)(1), before clause (A), the words “or his designee” are omitted because of section 322(b) of the revised title. In subsection (e), the words “The Secretary shall deposit” are substituted for “there shall be transferred” for clarity and consistency. The words “in the fund” are added for clarity.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-329.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 329"
+description: "Transportation information"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "329"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 329"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s329"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "2c008e661c419cb906b0e5f4e77c8767c48f24c8656855e7168a3bad3c0f2679"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "5e28b7e0836191279148c05084a0c50d15a959fbd8f0ae644429ff7310495c9b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 329 - Transportation information
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation may collect and collate transportation information the Secretary decides will contribute to the improvement of the transportation system of the United States. To the greatest practical extent, the Secretary shall use information available from departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government and other sources. To the extent practical, the Secretary shall make available to other Government departments, agencies, and instrumentalities and to the public the information collected under this subsection.
+
+(b) The Secretary shall—
+
+(1) collect and disseminate information on civil aeronautics (other than that collected and disseminated by the National Transportation Safety Board under chapter 11 of this title) including, at a minimum, information on (A) the origin and destination of passengers in interstate air transportation (as that term is used in part A of subtitle VII of this title), and (B) the number of passengers traveling by air between any two points in interstate air transportation; except that, if the Secretary requires air carriers to provide flight-specific information, the Secretary—
+
+(A) shall not disseminate fare information for a specific flight to the general public for a period of at least 9 months following the date of the flight; and
+
+(B) shall give due consideration to and address confidentiality concerns of carriers, including competitive implications, in any rulemaking prior to adoption of a rule requiring the dissemination to the general public of any flight-specific fare;
+
+(2) study the possibilities of developing air commerce and the aeronautical industry; and
+
+(3) exchange information on civil aeronautics with governments of foreign countries through appropriate departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government.
+
+(c) (1) On the written request of a person, a State, territory, or possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, or possession, the Secretary may—
+
+(A) make special statistical studies on foreign and domestic transportation;
+
+(B) make special studies on other matters related to duties and powers of the Secretary;
+
+(C) prepare, from records of the Department of Transportation, special statistical compilations; and
+
+(D) provide transcripts of studies, tables, and other records of the Department.
+
+(2) The person or governmental authority requesting information under paragraph (1) of this subsection must pay the actual cost of preparing the information. Payments shall be deposited in the Treasury in an account that the Secretary shall administer. The Secretary may use amounts in the account for the ordinary expenses incidental to getting and providing the information.
+
+(d) To assist in carrying out duties and powers under part A of subtitle VII of this title, the Secretary of Transportation shall maintain separate cooperative agreements with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the timely exchange of information on their programs, policies, and requirements directly related to carrying out that part.
+
+(e) Incidents and Complaints Involving Passenger and Baggage Security Screening.— (1) Publication of data.— The Secretary of Transportation shall publish data on incidents and complaints involving passenger and baggage security screening in a manner comparable to other consumer complaint and incident data.
+
+(2) Monthly reports from secretary of homeland security.— To assist in the publication of data under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Transportation may request the Secretary of Homeland Security to periodically report on the number of complaints about security screening received by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2426; Pub. L. 98–216, § 2(2), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 98–443, § 5(a), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1705; Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(7), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1366; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(3), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389; Pub. L. 108–176, title IV, § 421, title VIII, § 805(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2551, 2587.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 97–449 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 329(a)49:1634.Sept. 30, 1965, Pub. L. 89–220, § 4, 79 Stat. 893.  49:1655(a)(2)(A) (related to 49:1634).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §§ 6(a)(2)(A) (related to § 4 of the Act of Sept. 30, 1965), 9(n), 80 Stat. 937, 946. 329(b)49:1352.Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 311, 72 Stat. 751. 329(c)(1)49:1657(n)(1) (less last 17 words). 329(c)(2)49:1657(n)(1) (last 17 words), (2). 329(d)49:1343(b).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 302(d), 72 Stat. 746. In subsection (a), the word “information” is substituted for “data, statistics, and other information” in 49:1634 to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “transportation system of the United States” are substituted for “national transportation system” in 49:1634 for clarity and consistency. The words “in carrying out this activity” before “the Secretary shall” in 49:1634 are omitted as surplus. The words “departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government” are substituted for “Federal agencies” in 49:1634 for clarity and consistency. The words “To the greatest extent practical” are substituted for “insofar as practicable” in 49:1634 for consistency. The words “The Secretary shall” are added for clarity. In subsection (b), the words “by the National Transportation Safety Board under title VII of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.) or the Civil Aeronautics Board under title IV of that Act (49 U.S.C. 1371 et seq.)” are substituted for “the Board under subchapter IV and VII of this chapter)” in 49:1352 because 49:1655(d) (1st sentence) transferred duties of the Civil Aeronautics Board under 49:ch. 20, subch. VII to the Secretary of Transportation to be carried out through the National Transportation Safety Board. The reference to the National Transportation Safety Board is to the independent Board established by section 303(a) of the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2167) outside the Department of Transportation and not to the prior Board that was a part of the Department. The words “departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government” are substituted for “government channels” in 49:1352 for clarity and consistency. In subsection (c)(1), the words “of the United States” are added for clarity and consistency. The words “of a State, territory, or possession” are substituted for “thereof” after “subdivision” for clarity. The words “related to the duties and powers of the Secretary” are substituted for “falling within the province of the Department” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (c)(2), the words “governmental authority requesting information under paragraph (1) of this subsection” are substituted for “body requesting it” for clarity and consistency. The word “separate” before “account” is omitted as unnecessary and for consistency. The words “must pay” are substituted for “upon the payment” after “other records” for clarity. The words “preparing the information” are substituted for “such work” after “actual cost of” for clarity. The word “payments” is substituted for “All moneys received by the Department in payment of the cost of work under paragraph (1)” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “in the Treasury” are added for clarity and consistency. The words “The Secretary may use amounts in the account” are substituted for “These moneys may be used, in the discretion of the Secretary” for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “to getting and providing the information” are substituted for “to the work and/or to secure in connection therewith the special services of persons who are neither officers nor employees of the United States” for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. In subsection (d), the words “in carrying out duties and powers under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)” are substituted for “in discharge of responsibilities under this chapter” in 49:1343(b) because of the transfer of aviation functions to the Secretary under 49:1655(c)(1) and for consistency. The words “directly related to carrying out that part” are substituted for “directly relating to such responsibilities” in 49:1343(b) because of the restatement of the source provisions.
+
+Pub. L. 103–272Section 4(j)(7) amends 49:329 to omit references to overseas air transportation because there no longer is a distinction between interstate air transportation and overseas air transportation.
+
+Pub. L. 104–287This amends 49:329 to make conforming amendments necessary because of the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 745).
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2003—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–176, § 805(a), substituted “except that, if the Secretary requires air carriers to provide flight-specific information, the Secretary—” and subpars. (A) and (B) for “except that in no case shall the Secretary require an air carrier to provide information on the number of passengers or the amount of cargo on a specific flight if the flight and the flight number under which such flight operates are used solely for interstate air transportation and are not used for providing essential air transportation under subchapter II of chapter 417 of this title;”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–176, § 421, added subsec. (e). 1996—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(3)(A), substituted “(as that term is used in part A of subtitle VII of this title)” for “(as those terms are used in such Act)”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(3)(B), substituted “that part” for “that Act”. 1994—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(7)(A), substituted “chapter 11 of this title” for “title VII of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.)”, “in interstate air transportation” for “in interstate and overseas air transportation” in two places, “for interstate air transportation” for “for interstate or overseas air transportation”, and “subchapter II of chapter 417 of this title” for “section 419 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(7)(B), substituted “part A of subtitle VII of this title” for “the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 App. U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)”. 1984—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–443 struck out reference to information collected and disseminated by the Civil Aeronautics Board under section 1371 et seq. of this title, and added cls. (A) and (B). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted “49 App. U.S.C.” for “49 U.S.C.”. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted “49 App. U.S.C.” for “49 U.S.C.”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2003 AmendmentAmendment by section 421 of Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title. Pub. L. 108–176, title VIII, § 805(b), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2588, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the issuance of a final rule to modernize the Origin and Destination Survey of Airline Passenger Traffic, pursuant to the Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking published July 15, 1998 (Regulation Identifier Number 2105–AC71), that reduces the reporting burden for air carriers through electronic filing of the survey data collected under section 329(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code.” [RIN 2105–AC71 was withdrawn on June 1, 2011. Final rule under RIN 2105–AE45 updating the Origin and Destination Survey of Airline Passenger Traffic, pursuant to section 329(b)(1) of this title, was issued on Jan. 31, 2023, effective Mar. 2, 2023, see 88 F.R. 6145.]
+
+Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98–443, § 5(b), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1705, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1985.”
+
+Department of Transportation Public Drug and Alcohol Testing DatabasePub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8103, Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4104, provided that: “(a) In General.—Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Transportation shall—“(1) not later than March 31, 2019, establish and make publicly available on its website a database of the drug and alcohol testing data reported by employers for each mode of transportation; and “(2) update the database annually. “(b) Contents.—The database under subsection (a) shall include, for each mode of transportation—“(1) the total number of drug and alcohol tests by type of substance tested; “(2) the drug and alcohol test results by type of substance tested; “(3) the reason for the drug or alcohol test, such as pre-employment, random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion or cause, return-to-duty, or follow-up, by type of substance tested; and “(4) the number of individuals who refused testing. “(c) Commercially Sensitive Data.—The Department of Transportation shall not release any commercially sensitive data or personally identifiable data furnished by an employer under this section unless the data is aggregated or otherwise in a form that does not identify the employer providing the data. “(d) Savings Clause.—Nothing in this section may be construed as limiting or otherwise affecting the requirements of the Secretary of Transportation to adhere to requirements applicable to confidential business information and sensitive security information, consistent with applicable law.”

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-330.md

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 330"
+description: "Research activities"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "330"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 330"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s330"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "c9b9540045696733a36a51a26ca785b6f7213eab160c895696f5815bffbcb9a8"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "591fdf9e34f08a665c8c1c4f8e87c8aa5c6ba0f15ee0b7b0af8a691d98c6cb58"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 330 - Research activities
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— The Secretary of Transportation may make contracts with educational institutions, public and private agencies and organizations, and persons for scientific or technological research into a problem related to programs carried out by the Secretary. Before making a contract, the Secretary must require the institution, agency, organization, or person to show that it is able to carry out the contract.
+
+(b) Responsibilities.— In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
+
+(1) give advice and assistance the Secretary believes will best carry out the duties and powers of the Secretary;
+
+(2) participate in coordinating all research started under this section;
+
+(3) indicate the lines of inquiry most important to the Secretary; and
+
+(4) encourage and assist in establishing and maintaining cooperation by and between contractors and between them and other research organizations, the Department of Transportation, and other departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government.
+
+(c) Publications.— The Secretary may distribute publications containing information the Secretary considers relevant to research carried out under this section.
+
+(d) Duties.— The Secretary shall provide for the following:
+
+(1) Coordination, facilitation, and review of Department of Transportation research and development programs and activities.
+
+(2) Advancement, and research and development, of innovative technologies, including intelligent transportation systems.
+
+(3) Comprehensive transportation statistics research, analysis, and reporting.
+
+(4) Education and training in transportation and transportation-related fields.
+
+(5) Activities of the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center.
+
+(6) Coordination in support of multimodal and multidisciplinary research activities.
+
+(e) Additional Authorities.— The Secretary may—
+
+(1) enter into grants and cooperative agreements with Federal agencies, State and local government agencies, other public entities, private organizations, and other persons to conduct research into transportation service and infrastructure assurance and to carry out other research activities of the Department of Transportation;
+
+(2) carry out, on a cost-shared basis, collaborative research and development to encourage innovative solutions to multimodal transportation problems and stimulate the deployment of new technology with—
+
+(A) non-Federal entities, including State and local governments, foreign governments, institutions of higher education, corporations, institutions, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and trade associations that are incorporated or established under the laws of any State;
+
+(B) Federal laboratories; and
+
+(C) other Federal agencies; and
+
+(3) directly initiate contracts, grants, cooperative research and development agreements (as defined in section 12(d) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a(d))), and other agreements to fund, and accept funds from, the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, State departments of transportation, cities, counties, institutions of higher education, associations, and the agents of those entities to carry out joint transportation research and technology efforts.
+
+(f) Federal Share.— (1) In general.— Subject to paragraph (2), the Federal share of the cost of an activity carried out under subsection (e)(3) shall not exceed 50 percent.
+
+(2) Exception.— If the Secretary determines that the activity is of substantial public interest or benefit, the Secretary may approve a greater Federal share.
+
+(3) Non-federal share.— All costs directly incurred by the non-Federal partners, including personnel, travel, facility, and hardware development costs, shall be credited toward the non-Federal share of the cost of an activity described in subsection (e)(3).
+
+(g) Program Evaluation and Oversight.— For each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020, the Secretary is authorized to expend not more than 1 ½ percent of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the coordination, evaluation, and oversight of the programs administered by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology.
+
+(h) Use of Technology.— The research, development, or use of a technology under a contract, grant, cooperative research and development agreement, or other agreement entered into under this section, including the terms under which the technology may be licensed and the resulting royalties may be distributed, shall be subject to the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.).
+
+(i) Waiver of Advertising Requirements.— Section 6101 of title 41 shall not apply to a contract, grant, or other agreement entered into under this section.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, § 6011(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1568.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 330(a)49:1657(q)(1).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(q)(1)–(3), 80 Stat. 947.  49:1657(q)(2) (1st sentence). 330(b)49:1657(q)(2) (less 1st sentence). 330(c)49:1657(q)(3). In subsection (a), the words “may make contracts” are substituted for “is authorized to enter into contracts” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “the conduct of” before “scientific” are omitted as surplus. The words “a problem” are substituted for “any aspect of the problems” because of the style of the revised title. The words “carried out by the Secretary” are substituted for “of the Department which are authorized by statute” because the Secretary of Transportation is vested with all duties and powers. The words “Before making a contract” are substituted for “with which he expects to enter into contracts pursuant to this subsection” for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “is able to carry out the contract” are substituted for “have the capability of doing effective work” for clarity. In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words “In carrying out this section” are added for clarity. In clause (1), the word “give” is substituted for “furnish” before “such advice” for consistency. The words “duties and powers of the Secretary” are substituted for “mission of the Department” for clarity and consistency. In clause (4), the word “contractors” is substituted for “the institutions, agencies, organizations, or persons” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government” are substituted for “Federal agencies” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (c), the words “considers relevant” are substituted for “as he deems pertinent” as more precise. The words “from time to time” before “disseminate” and “in the form of reports or . . . to public or private agencies or organizations, or individuals” before “such information” are omitted as unnecessary.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§ 3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.
+
+Amendments2015—Pub. L. 114–94, § 6011(b)(1), substituted “activities” for “contracts” in section catchline. Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 114–94, § 6011(b)(2)–(4), inserted headings. Subsecs. (d) to (i). Pub. L. 114–94, § 6011(b)(5), added subsecs. (d) to (i).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
+
+Volpe OversightPub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, § 25023, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 879, provided that: “(a) Financial Management.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall implement the recommendations of the Inspector General of the Department [of Transportation] included in the report entitled ‘DOT Needs to Strengthen Its Oversight of IAAs With Volpe’ and dated September 30, 2019, to improve planning, financial management, and the sharing of performance information with respect to intraagency agreements with the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (referred to in this section as the ‘Volpe Center’). “(b) GAO Review.—“(1) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that examines the surface transportation activities at the Volpe Center. “(2) Contents.—The report under paragraph (1) shall include an evaluation of—“(A) the amount of Department funding provided to the Volpe Center, as compared to other Federal and non-Federal research partners; “(B) the process used by the Department to determine whether to work with the Volpe Center, as compared to any other Federal or non-Federal research partner; “(C) the extent to which the Department is collaborating with the Volpe Center to address research needs relating to emerging issues; and “(D) whether the operation of the Volpe Center is duplicative of other public or private sector efforts.”
+
+Conflicts of InterestPub. L. 106–159, title I, § 101(g), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1752, provided that: “(1) Compliance with regulation.—In awarding any contract for research, the Secretary shall comply with section 1252.209–70 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section [Dec. 9, 1999]. The Secretary shall require that the text of such section be included in any request for proposal and contract for research made by the Secretary. “(2) Study.—“(A) In general.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine whether or not compliance with the section referred to in paragraph (1) is sufficient to avoid conflicts of interest in contracts for research awarded by the Secretary and to evaluate whether or not compliance with such section unreasonably delays or burdens the awarding of such contracts. “(B) Consultation.—In conducting the study under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consult, as appropriate, with the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation, the Comptroller General, the heads of other Federal agencies, research organizations, industry representatives, employee organizations, safety organizations, and other entities. “(C) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 9, 1999], the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study conducted under this paragraph.”

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-331.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 331"
+description: "Service, supplies, and facilities at remote places"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "331"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 331"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s331"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "a3ecbb5fdad1dcb2474fed7e0d7e680a95f6e2cd54140adc2d9623896e98815e"
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+text_hash: "98f76578292576caf51064913c6fee15068c77d1447abd0a9cb9805318848f57"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 331 - Service, supplies, and facilities at remote places
+
+## Text
+
+(a) When necessary and not otherwise available, the Secretary of Transportation may provide for, construct, or maintain the following for officers and employees of the Department of Transportation and their dependents stationed in remote places:
+
+(1) emergency medical services and supplies.
+
+(2) food and other subsistence supplies.
+
+(3) messing facilities.
+
+(4) motion picture equipment and film for recreation and training.
+
+(5) living and working quarters and facilities.
+
+(6) reimbursement for food, clothing, medicine, and other supplies provided by an officer or employee in an emergency for the temporary relief of individuals in distress.
+
+(b) The Secretary shall prescribe reasonable charges for medical treatment provided under subsection (a)(1) of this section and for supplies and services provided under subsection (a)(2) and (3) of this section. Amounts received under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation from which the expenditure was made.
+
+(c) When appropriations for a fiscal year for aviation duties and powers have not been made before June 1 immediately before the beginning of the fiscal year, the Secretary may designate an officer, and authorize that officer, to incur obligations to buy and transport supplies to carry out those duties and powers at installations outside the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia. The amount obligated under this subsection in a fiscal year may be not more than 75 percent of the amount available for buying and transporting supplies to those installations for the then current fiscal year. Payment of obligations under this subsection shall be made from appropriations for the next fiscal year when available.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(8), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1367.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 97–449 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 331(a)49:1657(l) (less last sentence).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 9(l), 80 Stat. 946. 331(b)49:1657(l) (last sentence). 331(c)49:1344(b).Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 303(b), 72 Stat. 748. In subsection (a), the text of 49:1657(l) (words before 3d comma) is omitted as unnecessary. The words “of the Department of Transportation” are added for clarity. In clause (6), the words “individuals in distress” are substituted for “distressed persons” as being more precise. In subsection (b), the words “The Secretary shall prescribe reasonable charges” are substituted for “shall be at prices reflecting reasonable value as determined by the Secretary” for clarity and to eliminate surplus words. The words “services, supplies, and facilities provided under subsection (a)(1), (2), and (3) of this section” are substituted for “The furnishing of medical treatment under paragraph (1) and the furnishing of services and supplies under paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection” to eliminate surplus words. The words “Amounts received under this subsection” are substituted for “and the proceeds therefrom” for clarity. In subsection (c), the words “aviation duties and powers” are substituted for “the Administration” in 49:1344(b) because of the transfer of aviation functions to the Secretary of Transportation under 49:1655(c)(1). The words “before June 1” are substituted for “prior to the first day of March” in 49:1344(b) to conform to the change in the start of the fiscal year from July 1 to October 1 under 31:1020(a)(2). The words “and materials necessary” after “supplies” in 49:1344(b) are omitted as surplus. The words “to carry out those duties and powers” are substituted for “necessary to the proper execution of the Secretary of Transportation’s functions” in 49:1344(b) for clarity and consistency. The words “the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia” are substituted for “the continental United States” in 49:1344(b) for clarity. The words “including those in Alaska” before “in amounts” in 49:1344(b) are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement of the section. The words “The amount obligated under this subsection in a fiscal year” in 49:1344(b) are added for clarity. The words “available for buying and transporting supplies to those installations” are substituted for “made available for such purposes” in 49:1344(b) for clarity. The word “succeeding” after “next” in 49:1344(b) is omitted as surplus.
+
+Pub. L. 103–272Section 4(j)(8) amends 49:331(b) to follow more closely the language in former 49:1657(l) on which it was based.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “medical treatment provided under subsection (a)(1) of this section and for supplies and services provided under subsection (a)(2) and (3) of this section” for “services, supplies, and facilities provided under subsection (a)(1), (2), and (3) of this section”.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-332.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 332"
+description: "Minority Resource Center"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "332"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 332"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s332"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "0920f57deeabbbc14588115a9b552582d47a594e9517d239ad86dba4f6181ca9"
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+text_hash: "badbfaff7f68bd5d71d3f96e82357d9581f02c278c25fabc40c477137a33433b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 332 - Minority Resource Center
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In this section, “minority” includes women.
+
+(b) The Department of Transportation has a Minority Resource Center. The Center may—
+
+(1) include a national information clearinghouse for minority entrepreneurs and businesses to disseminate information to them on business opportunities related to the maintenance, rehabilitation, restructuring, improvement, and revitalization of the railroads of the United States;
+
+(2) carry out market research, planning, economic and business analyses, and feasibility studies to identify those business opportunities;
+
+(3) assist minority entrepreneurs and businesses in obtaining investment capital and debt financing;
+
+(4) design and carry out programs to encourage, promote, and assist minority entrepreneurs and businesses in getting contracts, subcontracts, and projects related to those business opportunities;
+
+(5) develop support mechanisms (including venture capital, surety and bonding organizations, and management and technical services) that will enable minority entrepreneurs and businesses to take advantage of those business opportunities;
+
+(6) participate in, and cooperate with, United States Government programs and other programs designed to provide financial, management, and other forms of support and assistance to minority entrepreneurs and businesses; and
+
+(7) make arrangements to carry out this section.
+
+(c) The Center has an advisory committee of 5 individuals appointed by the Secretary of Transportation. The Secretary shall make the appointments from lists of qualified individuals recommended by minority-dominated trade associations in the minority business community. Each of those trade associations may submit a list of not more than 3 qualified individuals.
+
+(d) The United States Railway Association, the Consolidated Rail Corporation, and the Secretary shall provide the Center with relevant information (including procurement schedules, bids, and specifications on particular maintenance, rehabilitation, restructuring, improvement, and revitalization projects) the Center requests in carrying out this section.
+
+(e) Bonding Assistance.— (1) In general.— The Secretary, acting through the Minority Resource Center established under subsection (b), shall provide assistance in obtaining bid, payment, and performance bonds by disadvantaged business enterprises pursuant to subsection (b)(4).
+
+(2) Authorization of appropriation.— There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009 to carry out activities under this subsection.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2428; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1951, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1514.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 332(a)49:1657a(e).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, § 11; added Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, § 906(2), 90 Stat. 149. 332(b)49:1657a(a), (c). 332(c)49:1657a(b). 332(d)49:1657a(d). In subsection (b), before clause (1), the word “has” is substituted for “The Secretary shall, within 180 days after February 5, 1976, establish” because the time for establishing the Center has expired and the Center has been established. The words “The Department of Transportation” are added because of the restatement of the section. The words “(hereafter in this section referred to as the ‘Center’)” after “Minority Resource Center” are omitted because of the style of the revised title. In subsection (b)(1), the word “include” is substituted for “establish and maintain”, and the words “to disseminate information” are substituted for “and disseminate information from”, for clarity. The words “to them . . . related to” are substituted for “to such entrepreneurs and businesses . . . with respect to” to omit unnecessary words. The words “for purposes of furnishing . . . information” before “with respect to” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (b)(2), the words “those business opportunities” are substituted for “such opportunities” after “identify” for clarity. In subsection (b)(4), the words “those business opportunities” are substituted for “the maintenance, rehabilitation, restructuring, improvement, and revitalization of the Nation’s railroads” to eliminate surplus words. In subsection (b)(5), the words “related to the maintenance, rehabilitation, restructuring, improvement, and revitalization of the nation’s railroads” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. In subsection (b)(7), the words “make arrangements” are substituted for “enter into such contracts, cooperative agreements, or other transactions” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “as may be necessary” after “transactions” are omitted as surplus. The words “to carry out this section” are substituted for “in the conduct of its functions and duties” for clarity and consistency. In subsection (c), the words “The Secretary shall make the appointments” and the words “Each of those trade associations may submit a list of not more than” are added for clarity and because of the restatement of the section. In subsection (d), the words “in carrying out this section” are substituted for “in connection with the performance of its functions” for clarity and consistency.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Amendments2005—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59 added subsec. (e).
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Abolition of United States Railway Association and Transfer of Functions and Securities The United States Railway Association abolished effective Apr. 1, 1987, all powers, duties, rights, and obligations of Association relating to Consolidated Rail Corporation under the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 701 et seq.) transferred to Secretary of Transportation on Jan. 1, 1987, and any securities of Corporation held by Association transferred to Secretary of Transportation on Oct. 21, 1986, see section 1341 of Title 45, Railroads.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-333.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 333"
+description: "Responsibility for rail transportation unification and coordination projects"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "333"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 333"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s333"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "d739fbda36d3b1530c13ead71c1031116cb9bec5c1635b310fdad35d1936a46b"
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+text_hash: "4fc1d5bf3f0587e9b50688efeba3b857ba3725571fa300659d49c51e89d6fc3b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 333 - Responsibility for rail transportation unification and coordination projects
+
+## Text
+
+(a) The Secretary of Transportation may develop and make available to interested persons any plans, proposals, and recommendations for mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, and other unification or coordination projects for rail transportation (including arrangements for joint use of tracks and other facilities and acquisition or sale of assets) that the Secretary believes will result in a rail system that is more efficient and consistent with the public interest.
+
+(b) To achieve a more efficient, economical, and viable rail system in the private sector, the Secretary, when requested by a rail carrier and under this section, may assist in planning, negotiating, and carrying out a unification or coordination of operations and facilities of at least 2 rail carriers.
+
+(c) (1) The Secretary may conduct studies to determine the potential cost savings and possible improvements in the quality of rail transportation that are likely to result from unification or coordination of at least 2 rail carriers, through—
+
+(A) elimination of duplicating or overlapping operations and facilities;
+
+(B) reducing switching operations;
+
+(C) using the shortest or more efficient and economical routes;
+
+(D) exchanging trackage rights;
+
+(E) combining trackage and terminal or other facilities;
+
+(F) upgrading tracks and other facilities used by at least 2 rail carriers;
+
+(G) reducing administrative and other expenses; and
+
+(H) other measures likely to reduce costs and improve rail transportation.
+
+(2) When the Secretary requests information for a study under this section, a rail carrier shall provide the information requested. In carrying out this section, the Secretary may designate an officer or employee to get from a rail carrier information on the kind, quality, origin, destination, consignor, consignee, and routing of property. This information may be obtained without the consent of the consignor or consignee notwithstanding section 11904 of this title. When appropriate, the designated officer or employee has the powers described in section 203(c) of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 to carry out this section, but a subpena must be issued under the signature of the Secretary.
+
+(d) (1) When requested by a rail carrier, the Secretary may hold conferences on and mediate disputes resulting from a proposed unification or coordination project. The Secretary may invite to a conference—
+
+(A) officers and directors of an affected rail carrier;
+
+(B) representatives of rail carrier employees who may be affected;
+
+(C) representatives of the Surface Transportation Board;
+
+(D) State and local government officials, shippers, and consumer representatives; and
+
+(E) representatives of the Federal Trade Commission and the Attorney General.
+
+(2) A person attending or represented at a conference on a proposed unification or coordination project is not liable under the antitrust laws of the United States for any discussion at the conference and for any agreements reached at the conference, that are entered into with the approval of the Secretary to achieve or determine a plan of action to carry out the unification or coordination project.
+
+(e) When the approval of a proposal submitted by a rail carrier for a merger or other action is subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board under section 11323(a) of this title, the Secretary may study the proposal to decide whether it satisfies section 11324(b) of this title. When the proposal is the subject of an application and proceeding before the Board, the Secretary may appear in any proceeding related to the application.
+
+(Pub. L. 97–449, § 1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2429; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 308(b), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 946; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title II, § 32932(a)(3), (4), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 829.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 333(a)49:1654(a).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, § 5(a)–(e); added Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, § 401, 90 Stat. 61. 333(b)49:1654(b). 333(c)49:1654(c). 333(d)49:1654(d). 333(e)49:1654(e). In the section, the word “transportation” is substituted for “services” for consistency. In subsection (a), the words “feasible” and “but not limited to” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (b), the words “In order” are omitted as surplus. The words “at least 2” are substituted for “two or more” for consistency. In subsection (c)(1), the words “as are deemed” are omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (c)(2), the words “and the study described in section 901 of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976” and “or such section 901” are omitted as executed. The word “nature” is omitted as covered by “kind”. The word “When” is substituted for “to the extent” for consistency. The word “necessary” is omitted as being included in “appropriate”. A cross-reference to section 203(c) of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 is included even though the law is unclear because section 1149 of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97–35, 95 Stat. 675) amended section 203 to repeal the powers referred to in the source provisions. No position is taken as to whether the powers described in section 203(c) are still in existence. In subsection (d)(1)(A), the word “appropriate” is omitted as surplus. In subsection (d)(1)(C), the words “representatives of” are added for consistency in the section. In subsection (e), the words “in his judgment” are omitted as unnecessary and covered by “decide”. The word “satisfies” is substituted for “is in accordance with the standards set forth in” to eliminate unnecessary words.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextSection 203 of the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), which is classified to section 713 of Title 45, Railroads, was amended generally by Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1149, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 675, and as so amended does not contain a subsec. (c). For further details, see the fifth par. of Historical and Revision Notes above.
+
+Amendments2012–Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 112–141, § 32932(a)(3), substituted “Surface Transportation Board” for “Interstate Commerce Commission”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–141, § 32932(a)(4), substituted “Surface Transportation Board” for “Interstate Commerce Commission” and “Board” for “Commission”. 1995—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–88, § 308(b)(1), substituted “11904” for “11910(a)(1)”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–88, § 308(b)(2), substituted “11323(a)” for “11343(a)” and “11324(b)” for “11344(b)”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Effective Date of 2012 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
+
+Effective Date of 1995 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-336.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 336"
+description: "Civil penalty procedures"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "336"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 336"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s336"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "5eb9fd8cf5be68cc363cde3f212d192dbaa0e665bca02be66ea15b547ad22913"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "315d0a1031788341b959b50a29599b20f5b0310fce5a55d1f8fd83a358632f4b"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 336 - Civil penalty procedures
+
+## Text
+
+(a) After notice and an opportunity for a hearing, a person found by the Secretary of Transportation to have violated a provision of law that the Secretary carries out through the Maritime Administrator or the Commandant of the Coast Guard or a regulation prescribed under that law by the Secretary for which a civil penalty is provided, is liable to the United States Government for the civil penalty provided. The amount of the civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary by written notice. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Secretary shall consider the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay, and other matters that justice requires.
+
+(b) The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without consideration, a civil penalty until the assessment is referred to the Attorney General.
+
+(c) If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become final, the Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General for collection in an appropriate district court of the United States.
+
+(d) The Secretary may refund or remit a civil penalty collected under this section if—
+
+(1) application has been made for refund or remission of the penalty within one year from the date of payment; and
+
+(2) the Secretary finds that the penalty was unlawfully, improperly, or excessively imposed.
+
+(Added Pub. L. 101–225, title III, § 305(1), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1924.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Transfer of Functions For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-337.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 337"
+description: "Budget request for the Director of Intelligence and Security"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "337"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 337"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s337"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "3b95449ec05d2e5eadbe98594de6d40d07156535243969b0e17b3d88ee8b12e7"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 337 - Budget request for the Director of Intelligence and Security
+
+## Text
+
+The annual budget the Secretary of Transportation submits shall include a specific request for the Office of the Director of Intelligence and Security. In deciding on the budget request for the Office, the Secretary shall consider recommendations in the annual report submitted under section 44938(a) of this title.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(10)(A), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1367.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 33749 App.:1652b (note).Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, § 102(d), 104 Stat. 3069. The words “the Secretary of Transportation submits” are substituted for “submission for the Department of Transportation”, and the words “budget request for the Office” are substituted for “budget request for the Director”, for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-351.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 351"
+description: "Judicial review of actions in carrying out certain transferred duties and powers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "351"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 351"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s351"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "6b94e538279b7352d89b0aa945666e7c7fd9cdff519bfcaf8439b367246d68b3"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "48a344464989cdc2856498abe63ebba739bec704a2625b8222778e77e261dbd7"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 351 - Judicial review of actions in carrying out certain transferred duties and powers
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Judicial Review.— An action of the Secretary of Transportation in carrying out a duty or power transferred under the Department of Transportation Act (Public Law 89–670, 80 Stat. 931), or an action of the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, or the Federal Aviation Administration in carrying out a duty or power specifically assigned to the Administrator by that Act, may be reviewed judicially to the same extent and in the same way as if the action had been an action by the department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government carrying out the duty or power immediately before the transfer or assignment.
+
+(b) Application of Procedural Requirements.— A statutory requirement related to notice, an opportunity for a hearing, action on the record, or administrative review that applied to a duty or power transferred by the Act applies to the Secretary or Administrator when carrying out the duty or power.
+
+(c) Nonapplication.— This section does not apply to a duty or power transferred from the Interstate Commerce Commission to the Secretary under section 6(e)(1)–(4) and (6)(A) of the Act.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(10)(A), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1367; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, § 4125(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1738.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 35149 App.:1653(c).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 4(c), 80 Stat. 933. In this subchapter, the words “duty or power” are substituted for “functions, powers, and duties” for clarity and consistency. The words “department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government” are substituted for “department or agency” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In subsection (a), the word “orders” is omitted as being included in “action”.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Department of Transportation Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which was classified principally to sections 1651 to 1660 of former Title 49, Transportation. The Act was repealed and the provisions thereof reenacted in Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 97–449, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2413, and Pub. L. 103–272, July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 745. The Act was also repealed by Pub. L. 104–287, § 7(5), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3400. For disposition of sections of former Title 49, see Table at the beginning of Title 49.
+
+Amendments2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration” for “Federal Highway Administration”.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Abolition of Interstate Commerce Commission and Transfer of Functions Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and functions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 1302 of this title, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. References to Interstate Commerce Commission deemed to refer to Surface Transportation Board, a member or employee of the Board, or Secretary of Transportation, as appropriate, see section 205 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-352.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 352"
+description: "Authority to carry out certain transferred duties and powers"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "352"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 352"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s352"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "3de09102d8efd50d2049f7a598e3bd9beedcf8570643a6a6239f043e4792ab79"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 352 - Authority to carry out certain transferred duties and powers
+
+## Text
+
+In carrying out a duty or power transferred under the Department of Transportation Act (Public Law 89–670, 80 Stat. 931), the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrators of the Federal Railroad Administration, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, and the Federal Aviation Administration have the same authority that was vested in the department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government carrying out the duty or power immediately before the transfer. An action of the Secretary or Administrator in carrying out the duty or power has the same effect as when carried out by the department, agency, or instrumentality.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(10)(A), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1368; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, § 4125(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1738.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 35249 App.:1653(d).Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 4(d), 80 Stat. 934. The words “force and” are omitted as surplus.
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe Department of Transportation Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which was classified principally to sections 1651 to 1660 of former Title 49, Transportation. The Act was repealed and the provisions thereof reenacted in Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 97–449, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2413, and Pub. L. 103–272, July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 745. The Act was also repealed by Pub. L. 104–287, § 7(5), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3400. For disposition of sections of former Title 49, see Table at the beginning of Title 49.
+
+Amendments2005—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration” for “Federal Highway Administration”.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-353.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 353"
+description: "Toxicological testing of officers and employees"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "353"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 353"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s353"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "72b3c49ba2dcc92a19851c20c1f9a8e920ad104b34daa7d9c8b734b856879e7d"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 353 - Toxicological testing of officers and employees
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Collecting Specimens.— When the Secretary of Transportation or the head of a component of the Department of Transportation conducts post-accident or post-incident toxicological testing of an officer or employee of the Department, the Secretary or head shall collect the specimen from the officer or employee as soon as practicable after the accident or incident. The Secretary or head shall try to collect the specimen not later than 4 hours after the accident or incident.
+
+(b) Reports.— The head of each component shall submit a report to the Secretary on the circumstances about the amount of time required to collect the specimen for a toxicological test conducted on an officer or employee who is reasonably associated with the circumstances of an accident or incident under the investigative jurisdiction of the National Transportation Safety Board.
+
+(c) Noncompliance Not a Defense.— An officer or employee required to submit to toxicological testing may not assert failure to comply with this section as a claim, cause of action, or defense in an administrative or judicial proceeding.
+
+(Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(j)(10)(A), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1368.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 35349 App.:1657–1.Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–641, § 5, 104 Stat. 4656. In this section, the words “officer or employee” are substituted for “employee” for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In subsection (a), the words “Secretary of Transportation or the head of a component of the Department of Transportation” are substituted for “Department of Transportation, including any of its agencies” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. In subsection (b), the word “Secretary” is substituted for “Office of the Secretary of Transportation” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words “within that agency” are omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (c), the words “An officer or employee required to submit to toxicological testing may not assert” are substituted for “may not be asserted” for clarity.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-354.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 354"
+description: "Investigative authority of Inspector General"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "354"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 354"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
+source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s354"
+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "5ec4d7692163eafcd7fcdaf46759c56724c4c782759a72984e3b6e13d0cf74b3"
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+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 354 - Investigative authority of Inspector General
+
+## Text
+
+(a) In General.— The statutory authority of the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation includes authority to conduct, pursuant to Federal criminal statutes, investigations of allegations that a person or entity has engaged in fraudulent or other criminal activity relating to the programs and operations of the Department or its operating administrations.
+
+(b) Regulated Entities.— The authority to conduct investigations referred to in subsection (a) extends to any person or entity subject to the laws and regulations of the Department or its operating administrations, whether or not they are recipients of funds from the Department or its operating administrations.
+
+(Added and amended Pub. L. 108–168, § 8(a), (b)(1), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2034.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+Codification The text of section 228 of Pub. L. 106–159, formerly set out as a note under section 4 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, formerly set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as text of section, and amended by Pub. L. 108–168, § 8(a), (b)(1), was based on Pub. L. 106–159, title II, § 228, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1773.
+
+Amendments2003—Pub. L. 108–168 renumbered section 228 of Pub. L. 106–159 as this section and substituted “Investigative authority of Inspector General” for “DOT Authority” in section catchline. See Codification note above.
+
+Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
+
+Deposit of Forfeited FundsPub. L. 113–235, div. K, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2724, provided in part: “That hereafter funds transferred to the Office of the Inspector General through forfeiture proceedings or from the Department of Justice Assets Forfeiture Fund or the Department of the Treasury Forfeiture Fund, as a participating agency, as an equitable share from the forfeiture of property in investigations in which the Office of Inspector General participates, or through the granting of a Petition for Remission or Mitigation, shall be deposited to the credit of this account [Office of Inspector General, Salaries and Expenses] for law enforcement activities authorized under the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended [see 5 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], to remain available until expended.” Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 600.

legal/us/code/title-49/chapter-3/section-355.md

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+type: "LegalText"
+title: "49 U.S.C. § 355"
+description: "Motorcyclist Advisory Council"
+jurisdiction: "us"
+corpus: "united_states_code"
+kind: "code_section"
+title_number: 49
+title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
+chapter_number: "3"
+chapter_name: "GENERAL DUTIES AND POWERS"
+section: "355"
+citation: "49 U.S.C. § 355"
+status: "current"
+release_point: "119-100"
+release_date: "2026-06-26"
+source: "official"
+source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
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+source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
+source_hash: "4d63fd2791c628c0662b6e56f02514a57a967b69c5cbff59ab74af63cb814ab2"
+raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
+text_hash: "dcb8f73e683122da80b0ce85240003f799256614ee10f0092826659fcc4a4543"
+retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
+confidence: "official"
+tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
+---
+
+# 49 U.S.C. § 355 - Motorcyclist Advisory Council
+
+## Text
+
+(a) Establishment.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”) shall establish a council, to be known as the “Motorcyclist Advisory Council” (referred to in this section as the “Council”).
+
+(b) Membership.— (1) In general.— The Council shall be comprised of 13 members, to be appointed by the Secretary, of whom—
+
+(A) 5 shall be representatives of units of State or local government with expertise relating to highway engineering and safety issues, including—
+
+(i) motorcycle and motorcyclist safety;
+
+(ii) barrier and road design, construction, and maintenance; or
+
+(iii) intelligent transportation systems;
+
+(B) 1 shall be a motorcyclist who serves as a State or local—
+
+(i) traffic and safety engineer;
+
+(ii) design engineer; or
+
+(iii) other transportation department official;
+
+(C) 1 shall be a representative of a national association of State transportation officials;
+
+(D) 1 shall be a representative of a national motorcyclist association;
+
+(E) 1 shall be a representative of a national motorcyclist foundation;
+
+(F) 1 shall be a representative of a national motorcycle manufacturing association;
+
+(G) 1 shall be a representative of a motorcycle manufacturing company headquartered in the United States;
+
+(H) 1 shall be a roadway safety data expert with expertise relating to crash testing and analysis; and
+
+(I) 1 shall be a member of a national safety organization that represents the traffic safety systems industry.
+
+(2) Term.— (A) In general.— Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), each member shall serve on the Council for a single term of 2 years.
+
+(B) Additional term.— If a successor is not appointed for a member of the Council before the expiration of the term of service of the member, the member may serve on the Council for a second term of not longer than 2 years.
+
+(C) Appointment of replacements.— If a member of the Council resigns before the expiration of the 2-year term of service of the member—
+
+(i) the Secretary may appoint a replacement for the member, who shall serve the remaining portion of the term; and
+
+(ii) the resigning member may continue to serve after resignation until the date on which a successor is appointed.
+
+(3) Vacancies.— A vacancy on the Council shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
+
+(4) Compensation.— A member of the Council shall serve without compensation.
+
+(c) Duties.— (1) Advising.— The Council shall advise the Secretary, the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration regarding transportation safety issues of concern to motorcyclists, including—
+
+(A) motorcycle and motorcyclist safety;
+
+(B) barrier and road design, construction, and maintenance practices; and
+
+(C) the architecture and implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies.
+
+(2) Biennial report.— Not later than October 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Council is established, and not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter, the Council shall submit to the Secretary a report containing recommendations of the Council regarding the issues described in paragraph (1).
+
+(d) Duties of Secretary.— (1) Council recommendations.— (A) In general.— The Secretary shall determine whether to accept or reject a recommendation contained in a report of the Council under subsection (c)(2).
+
+(B) Inclusion in review.— (i) In general.— The Secretary shall indicate in each review under paragraph (2) whether the Secretary accepts or rejects each recommendation of the Council covered by the review.
+
+(ii) Exception.— The Secretary may indicate in a review under paragraph (2) that a recommendation of the Council is under consideration, subject to the condition that a recommendation so under consideration shall be accepted or rejected by the Secretary in the subsequent review of the Secretary under paragraph (2).
+
+(2) Review.— (A) In general.— Not later than 60 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a report from the Council under subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall submit a review describing the response of the Secretary to the recommendations of the Council contained in the Council report to—
+
+(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;
+
+(ii) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate;
+
+(iii) the Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
+
+(iv) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and
+
+(v) the Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
+
+(B) Contents.— A review of the Secretary under this paragraph shall include a description of—
+
+(i) each recommendation contained in the Council report covered by the review; and
+
+(ii) (I) each recommendation of the Council that was categorized under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) as being under consideration by the Secretary in the preceding review submitted under this paragraph; and
+
+(II) for each such recommendation, whether the recommendation—
+
+(aa) is accepted or rejected by the Secretary; or
+
+(bb) remains under consideration by the Secretary.
+
+(3) Administrative and technical support.— The Secretary shall provide to the Council such administrative support, staff, and technical assistance as the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out the duties of the Council under this section.
+
+(e) Termination.— The Council shall terminate on the date that is 6 years after the date on which the Council is established under subsection (a).
+
+(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, § 24111(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 812.)
+
+## Notes
+
+Editorial Notes
+
+References in TextThe date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.