Fabio
76b8ec33a7
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
74 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
74 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "28 U.S.C. § 1369"
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description: "Multiparty, multiforum jurisdiction"
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jurisdiction: "us"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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kind: "code_section"
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title_number: 28
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title_name: "JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE"
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chapter_number: "85"
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chapter_name: "DISTRICT COURTS; JURISDICTION"
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section: "1369"
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citation: "28 U.S.C. § 1369"
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status: "current"
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release_point: "119-100"
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release_date: "2026-06-26"
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source: "official"
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source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc28@119-100.zip"
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source_identifier: "/us/usc/t28/s1369"
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source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-28/usc28.xml"
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source_hash: "0ace32d0dc81a3c982a9a81df34e05bd6e8c4a6846a9194f4539ca568f7f34b4"
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raw_snapshot_hash: "3390f867a2c02f5d0c496269da780795fe19663a090a3040c64a9ee0a541cdcf"
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text_hash: "0e9dca8fcf9cdc814abeee4e6d0880f55e0b426894dfa77bf9aeb5973c7e83f6"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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confidence: "official"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
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---
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# 28 U.S.C. § 1369 - Multiparty, multiforum jurisdiction
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## Text
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(a) In General.— The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action involving minimal diversity between adverse parties that arises from a single accident, where at least 75 natural persons have died in the accident at a discrete location, if—
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(1) a defendant resides in a State and a substantial part of the accident took place in another State or other location, regardless of whether that defendant is also a resident of the State where a substantial part of the accident took place;
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(2) any two defendants reside in different States, regardless of whether such defendants are also residents of the same State or States; or
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(3) substantial parts of the accident took place in different States.
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(b) Limitation of Jurisdiction of District Courts.— The district court shall abstain from hearing any civil action described in subsection (a) in which—
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(1) the substantial majority of all plaintiffs are citizens of a single State of which the primary defendants are also citizens; and
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(2) the claims asserted will be governed primarily by the laws of that State.
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(c) Special Rules and Definitions.— For purposes of this section—
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(1) minimal diversity exists between adverse parties if any party is a citizen of a State and any adverse party is a citizen of another State, a citizen or subject of a foreign state, or a foreign state as defined in section 1603(a) of this title;
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(2) a corporation is deemed to be a citizen of any State, and a citizen or subject of any foreign state, in which it is incorporated or has its principal place of business, and is deemed to be a resident of any State in which it is incorporated or licensed to do business or is doing business;
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(3) the term “injury” means—
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(A) physical harm to a natural person; and
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(B) physical damage to or destruction of tangible property, but only if physical harm described in subparagraph (A) exists;
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(4) the term “accident” means a sudden accident, or a natural event culminating in an accident, that results in death incurred at a discrete location by at least 75 natural persons; and
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(5) the term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.
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(d) Intervening Parties.— In any action in a district court which is or could have been brought, in whole or in part, under this section, any person with a claim arising from the accident described in subsection (a) shall be permitted to intervene as a party plaintiff in the action, even if that person could not have brought an action in a district court as an original matter.
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(e) Notification of Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation.— A district court in which an action under this section is pending shall promptly notify the judicial panel on multidistrict litigation of the pendency of the action.
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(Added Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, § 11020(b)(1)(A), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1826.)
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## Notes
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective DatePub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, § 11020(c), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1829, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (b) [enacting this section and sections 1697 and 1785 of this title and amending sections 1391 and 1441 of this title] shall apply to a civil action if the accident giving rise to the cause of action occurred on or after the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 2002].”
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