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Fabio 76b8ec33a7 Legal corpus: the complete U.S. Code (59,740 sections, all 53 titles)
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code
now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun,
verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make
legal-us-code default now covers every title.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "44 U.S.C. § 3312"
description: "Photographs or microphotographs of records considered as originals; certified reproductions admissible in evidence"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 44
title_name: "PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS"
chapter_number: "33"
chapter_name: "DISPOSAL OF RECORDS"
section: "3312"
citation: "44 U.S.C. § 3312"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc44@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t44/s3312"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-44/usc44.xml"
source_hash: "3b13b67d583a596115ef217a9f85ede82ccf4026c0119c1b3afc16f117e320f7"
raw_snapshot_hash: "2d7109056b4815718203e8d99c9ee6fe3ab744f578883b59654fe3adb211b4a0"
text_hash: "d3263cab3ae31b9a82290d786952e3792ce1761ae89f15a36c3525a98d5247f5"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 44 U.S.C. § 3312 - Photographs or microphotographs of records considered as originals; certified reproductions admissible in evidence
## Text
Photographs, microphotographs of records, or digitized records made in compliance with regulations under section 3302 of this title shall have the same effect as the originals and shall be treated as originals for the purpose of their admissibility in evidence. Certified or authenticated reproductions of the photographs, microphotographs, or digitized records shall be admitted in evidence equally with the original photographs, microphotographs, or digitized records.
(Pub. L. 90620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 113187, § 5(e), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2010.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., § 378 (July 7, 1943, ch. 192, § 13, 57 Stat. 382).
Editorial Notes
Amendments2014—Pub. L. 113187 substituted “Photographs, microphotographs of records, or digitized records” for “Photographs or microphotographs of records” and substituted “photographs, microphotographs, or digitized records” for “photographs or microphotographs” in two places.