Fabio
76b8ec33a7
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
58 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "45 U.S.C. § 661"
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description: "Definitions"
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jurisdiction: "us"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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kind: "code_section"
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title_number: 45
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title_name: "RAILROADS"
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chapter_number: "15"
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chapter_name: "EMERGENCY RAIL SERVICES"
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section: "661"
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citation: "45 U.S.C. § 661"
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status: "current"
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release_point: "119-100"
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release_date: "2026-06-26"
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source: "official"
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source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc45@119-100.zip"
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source_identifier: "/us/usc/t45/s661"
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source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-45/usc45.xml"
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source_hash: "a6fa2ffb4ad476592c29f74438621f522c23126848e6197781346bd368fedeb0"
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raw_snapshot_hash: "6ff04cb352e22f8a18f24c94e9adb8036909cf2a75f41489d768a5934fb9667c"
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text_hash: "f5bc9ce5ff4b18069d95e6fc0be8267bb4955652b523bcf6fdae1090fc6cb04a"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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confidence: "official"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
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---
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# 45 U.S.C. § 661 - Definitions
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## Text
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For the purposes of this chapter—
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(1) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Transportation.
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(2) “Board” means the Surface Transportation Board.
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(3) “Railroad” means any rail carrier subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49.
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(4) “Certificate” means certificates issued by trustees of a railroad pursuant to subsection 77(c)(3) of the Bankruptcy Act, as amended.
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(Pub. L. 91–663, § 2, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1975; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 325(1), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 951.)
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## Notes
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Editorial Notes
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References in TextSection 77(c)(3) of the Bankruptcy Act, referred to in par. (4), was classified to section 205(c)(3) of former Title 11, Bankruptcy. The Bankruptcy Act (act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544) was repealed effective Oct. 1, 1979, by Pub. L. 95–598, §§ 401(a), 402(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, section 101 of which enacted revised Title 11. For current provisions relating to railroad reorganization, see subchapter IV (§ 1161 et seq.) of chapter 11 of Title 11.
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Amendments1995—Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–88, § 325(1)(A), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “ ‘Commission’ means the Interstate Commerce Commission.” Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–88, § 325(1)(B), substituted “rail carrier subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49” for “common carrier by railroad subject to part I of the Interstate Commerce Act (49 U.S.C. 1–27)”.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 1995 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.
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Short TitlePub. L. 91–663, § 1, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1975, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Rail Services Act of 1970’.”
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