Fabio
76b8ec33a7
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
52 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
52 lines
2.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "49 U.S.C. § 32309"
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description: "Civil penalty for labeling violations"
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jurisdiction: "us"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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kind: "code_section"
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title_number: 49
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title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
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chapter_number: "323"
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chapter_name: "CONSUMER INFORMATION"
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section: "32309"
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citation: "49 U.S.C. § 32309"
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status: "current"
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release_point: "119-100"
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release_date: "2026-06-26"
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source: "official"
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source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
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source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s32309"
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source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
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source_hash: "ef4236e13e86548cb1637b01425aa92b5eb5f7471d5745aa189a56c977a5c82a"
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raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
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text_hash: "4ace8ad10783ae6658d4ec1431ede1eb6d3b68bde3e96e20ac72db78d67fb098"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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confidence: "official"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
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---
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# 49 U.S.C. § 32309 - Civil penalty for labeling violations
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## Text
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(a) Definitions.— The definitions in section 32304 of this title apply to this section.
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(b) Penalties.— A manufacturer of a passenger motor vehicle distributed in commerce for sale in the United States that willfully fails to attach the label required under section 32304 of this title to a new passenger motor vehicle that the manufacturer manufactures or imports, or a dealer that fails to maintain that label as required under section 32304, is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000 for each violation. Each failure to attach or maintain that label for each vehicle is a separate violation.
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(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1042; Pub. L. 103–429, § 6(31), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4380.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision Notes Pub. L. 103–272 RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 32309(a)(no source). 32309(b)15:1950(e).Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, 86 Stat. 947, § 210(e); added Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, § 355, 106 Stat. 1557. Subsection (a) is added to ensure that the definitions in 15:1950(f), restated in section 32304 of the revised title, apply to the source provision restated in this section. In subsection (b), the words “Each failure to attach or maintain that label” are substituted for “Such failure” for clarity.
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Pub. L. 103–429This amends the catchline for 49:32309 to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 1042).
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103–429 substituted “Civil” for “Criminal” in section catchline.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective Date of 1994 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
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