Fabio
76b8ec33a7
Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
64 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
64 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
type: "LegalText"
|
||
title: "18 U.S.C. § 3505"
|
||
description: "Foreign records of regularly conducted activity"
|
||
jurisdiction: "us"
|
||
corpus: "united_states_code"
|
||
kind: "code_section"
|
||
title_number: 18
|
||
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
|
||
chapter_number: "223"
|
||
chapter_name: "WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE"
|
||
section: "3505"
|
||
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 3505"
|
||
status: "current"
|
||
release_point: "119-100"
|
||
release_date: "2026-06-26"
|
||
source: "official"
|
||
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
|
||
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s3505"
|
||
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
|
||
source_hash: "dd8bb40a646a9e584ff82abc9e49a548dc60de08b33802599ac7e148c1c70b96"
|
||
raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
|
||
text_hash: "adb2ddc11482d09dd4d98cfd853b36df067a489b9ccd574c20bdbb7237a71654"
|
||
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
|
||
confidence: "official"
|
||
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# 18 U.S.C. § 3505 - Foreign records of regularly conducted activity
|
||
|
||
## Text
|
||
|
||
(a) (1) In a criminal proceeding in a court of the United States, a foreign record of regularly conducted activity, or a copy of such record, shall not be excluded as evidence by the hearsay rule if a foreign certification attests that—
|
||
|
||
(A) such record was made, at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth, by (or from information transmitted by) a person with knowledge of those matters;
|
||
|
||
(B) such record was kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity;
|
||
|
||
(C) the business activity made such a record as a regular practice; and
|
||
|
||
(D) if such record is not the original, such record is a duplicate of the original;
|
||
|
||
unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness.
|
||
|
||
(2) A foreign certification under this section shall authenticate such record or duplicate.
|
||
|
||
(b) At the arraignment or as soon after the arraignment as practicable, a party intending to offer in evidence under this section a foreign record of regularly conducted activity shall provide written notice of that intention to each other party. A motion opposing admission in evidence of such record shall be made by the opposing party and determined by the court before trial. Failure by a party to file such motion before trial shall constitute a waiver of objection to such record or duplicate, but the court for cause shown may grant relief from the waiver.
|
||
|
||
(c) As used in this section, the term—
|
||
|
||
(1) “foreign record of regularly conducted activity” means a memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, maintained in a foreign country;
|
||
|
||
(2) “foreign certification” means a written declaration made and signed in a foreign country by the custodian of a foreign record of regularly conducted activity or another qualified person that, if falsely made, would subject the maker to criminal penalty under the laws of that country; and
|
||
|
||
(3) “business” includes business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.
|
||
|
||
(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1217(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2165.)
|
||
|
||
## Notes
|
||
|
||
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
|
||
|
||
Effective DatePub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1220, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2167, provided that: “This part [part K (§§ 1217–1220) of chapter XII of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting this section and sections 3292, 3506, and 3507 of this title and amending section 3161 of this title] and the amendments made by this part shall take effect thirty days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1984].”
|