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republic-os/legal/us/code/title-18/chapter-45/section-961.md
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now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 ->
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "18 U.S.C. § 961"
description: "Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
chapter_number: "45"
chapter_name: "FOREIGN RELATIONS"
section: "961"
citation: "18 U.S.C. § 961"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc18@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s961"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-18/usc18.xml"
source_hash: "fde02d4e632bc8e2b0223ed1cd56c0dfb77c1fb3d280dbc0e6f27d4413612370"
raw_snapshot_hash: "1a1bbbbdb59e376ada4eb7ad1056fd68d396679ee7ab59f0561af15006122708"
text_hash: "1c9e70cb983664f05eecce6898b713206ddd3eec163c44b8275d132dc567c520"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 18 U.S.C. § 961 - Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation
## Text
Whoever, within the United States, increases or augments the force of any ship of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel which, at the time of her arrival within the United States, was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel, in the service of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, or belonging to the subjects or citizens of any such prince or state, colony, district, or people, the same being at war with any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with whom the United States is at peace, by adding to the number of the guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her for guns of a larger caliber, or by adding thereto any equipment solely applicable to war, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 103322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 24 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 12, 35 Stat. 1090). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment was rephrased in the alternative. Words “within the United States” were substituted for “within the territory or jurisdiction” etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Minor changes in phraseology were made.
Editorial Notes
Amendments1994—Pub. L. 103322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.