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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
66 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "20 U.S.C. § 1431"
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description: "Findings and policy"
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jurisdiction: "us"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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kind: "code_section"
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title_number: 20
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title_name: "EDUCATION"
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chapter_number: "33"
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chapter_name: "EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES"
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section: "1431"
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citation: "20 U.S.C. § 1431"
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status: "current"
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release_point: "119-100"
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release_date: "2026-06-26"
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source: "official"
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source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc20@119-100.zip"
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source_identifier: "/us/usc/t20/s1431"
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source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-20/usc20.xml"
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source_hash: "9f155b884adc52a65dfadcc773060c80c19a69c266d136bf82853b0e96cee702"
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raw_snapshot_hash: "6022872c5d6a3398d1728f82f8cefcb58db9f5ff548e2a636450be1e4a8bb052"
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text_hash: "5d0fc023030b035ceec4e98267fdf1d01e617f15704b9b30589f9437835a65f6"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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confidence: "official"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
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---
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# 20 U.S.C. § 1431 - Findings and policy
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## Text
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(a) Findings Congress finds that there is an urgent and substantial need—
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(1) to enhance the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize their potential for developmental delay, and to recognize the significant brain development that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of life;
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(2) to reduce the educational costs to our society, including our Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for special education and related services after infants and toddlers with disabilities reach school age;
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(3) to maximize the potential for individuals with disabilities to live independently in society;
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(4) to enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with disabilities; and
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(5) to enhance the capacity of State and local agencies and service providers to identify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all children, particularly minority, low-income, inner city, and rural children, and infants and toddlers in foster care.
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(b) Policy It is the policy of the United States to provide financial assistance to States—
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(1) to develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that provides early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families;
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(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment for early intervention services from Federal, State, local, and private sources (including public and private insurance coverage);
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(3) to enhance State capacity to provide quality early intervention services and expand and improve existing early intervention services being provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; and
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(4) to encourage States to expand opportunities for children under 3 years of age who would be at risk of having substantial developmental delay if they did not receive early intervention services.
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(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, § 101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2744.)
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## Notes
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Editorial Notes
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Prior ProvisionsA prior section 1431, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, § 101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 106, set out findings and policy, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446. Another prior section 1431, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 631, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 184; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 11, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1369; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 308, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1165; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 104(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3298; Pub. L. 101–476, title IV, § 401, title IX, § 901(b)(129)–(142), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1129, 1148; Pub. L. 102–119, §§ 9(a), (b), 25(a)(12), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 593, 594, 606, 607; Pub. L. 102–421, title II, § 202, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 102–569, title IX, § 912(a), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4486; Pub. L. 103–73, title III, § 302, Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 103–218, title IV, § 401, Mar. 9, 1994, 108 Stat. 95, related to grants for personnel training, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Effective DateSubchapter effective July 1, 2005, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 108–446, set out as a note under section 1400 of this title.
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