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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-07-06 10:51:44 -04:00

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---
type: "LegalText"
title: "44 U.S.C. § 1103"
description: "Certificate of necessity; estimate of cost"
jurisdiction: "us"
corpus: "united_states_code"
kind: "code_section"
title_number: 44
title_name: "PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS"
chapter_number: "11"
chapter_name: "EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING"
section: "1103"
citation: "44 U.S.C. § 1103"
status: "current"
release_point: "119-100"
release_date: "2026-06-26"
source: "official"
source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc44@119-100.zip"
source_identifier: "/us/usc/t44/s1103"
source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-44/usc44.xml"
source_hash: "2eb587979ca9e4850792d4f912c4454c108f924141ec9a0b4227cf21384fc400"
raw_snapshot_hash: "2d7109056b4815718203e8d99c9ee6fe3ab744f578883b59654fe3adb211b4a0"
text_hash: "a45f8bfa480ff71d13c855fb1b4eaf54b5631955e387d4096d7a342e0256d58b"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
confidence: "official"
tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
---
# 44 U.S.C. § 1103 - Certificate of necessity; estimate of cost
## Text
When a department, the Supreme Court, or the Library of Congress requires printing or binding to be done, it shall certify that it is necessary for the public service. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall then furnish an estimate of cost by principal items, after which requisitions may be made upon him for the printing or binding by the head of the department, the Clerk of the Supreme Court, or the Librarian of Congress, respectively. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall place the cost to the debit of the department in its annual appropriation for printing and binding.
(Pub. L. 90620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1261; Pub. L. 97164, title I, § 159, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 113235, div. H, title I, § 1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
## Notes
Historical and Revision NotesBased on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., § 117 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, § 93, 28 Stat. 623; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 32(a), 62 Stat. 991; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, sec. 127, 63 Stat. 107).
Editorial Notes
Amendments2014—Pub. L. 113235 substituted “Director of the Government Publishing Office” for “Public Printer” in two places. 1982—Pub. L. 97164 struck out the Court of Claims from the enumeration of entities for which printing or binding may be done for the public service and struck out the chief judge of the Court of Claims from the enumeration of officials who make requisitions upon the Public Printer for printing or binding.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1982 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.