Fabio
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Ingested titles 12–51 and 54 from OLRC USLM XML @119-100 (the whole Code now, uniform edition; Title 53 is reserved/empty). LegalText 11,221 -> 59,740; repo total 105,704 records. Deterministic (byte-identical rerun, verified on Title 42's 8,356 sections); make check green. make legal-us-code default now covers every title. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
70 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
70 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "LegalText"
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title: "49 U.S.C. § 31101"
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description: "Definitions"
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jurisdiction: "us"
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corpus: "united_states_code"
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kind: "code_section"
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title_number: 49
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title_name: "TRANSPORTATION"
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chapter_number: "311"
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chapter_name: "COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY"
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section: "31101"
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citation: "49 U.S.C. § 31101"
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status: "current"
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release_point: "119-100"
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release_date: "2026-06-26"
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source: "official"
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source_url: "https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/100/xml_usc49@119-100.zip"
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source_identifier: "/us/usc/t49/s31101"
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source_file: "data/legal/raw/us/code/title-49/usc49.xml"
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source_hash: "d1a7e9b4ec18bbf2fc6ca394fe19338807c3c6cce49fdd84e95f9185873ef973"
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raw_snapshot_hash: "0786acdd244d8f42c5a8e8ed1ec2a8dcb47dd0e02a286752710a20745702a4fb"
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text_hash: "c9414897d73f6ac79960cf29166bccc7e6c5c0765290e2bd17abc66d6546b14c"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-04"
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confidence: "official"
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tags: ["legal", "us-code"]
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---
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# 49 U.S.C. § 31101 - Definitions
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## Text
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In this subchapter—
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(1) “commercial motor vehicle” means (except in section 31106) a self-propelled or towed vehicle used on the highways in commerce principally to transport passengers or cargo, if the vehicle—
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(A) has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross vehicle weight of at least 10,001 pounds, whichever is greater;
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(B) is designed to transport more than 10 passengers including the driver; or
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(C) is used in transporting material found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under section 5103 of this title and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under section 5103.
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(2) “employee” means a driver of a commercial motor vehicle (including an independent contractor when personally operating a commercial motor vehicle), a mechanic, a freight handler, or an individual not an employer, who—
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(A) directly affects commercial motor vehicle safety in the course of employment by a commercial motor carrier; and
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(B) is not an employee of the United States Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State acting in the course of employment.
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(3) “employer”—
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(A) means a person engaged in a business affecting commerce that owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle in connection with that business, or assigns an employee to operate the vehicle in commerce; but
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(B) does not include the Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State.
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(4) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
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(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, § 4003(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 395.)
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## Notes
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Historical and Revision Notes RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 3110149 App.:2301(1), (3)–(6).Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, § 401(1), (3)–(6), 96 Stat. 2154, 2155. 49 App.:2301(2).Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, § 401(2), 96 Stat. 2154; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–554, § 228(a), (b), 98 Stat. 2852. Before clause (1), the words “unless the context otherwise requires” are omitted as unnecessary. The text of 49 App.:2301(4) is omitted as unnecessary because of 1:1. The text of 49 App.:2301(5) is omitted as surplus because the complete name of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section. In clause (1), before subclause (A), the words “(except in section 31106)” are added because the source provisions being restated in section 31106 of the revised title contain a definition of “commercial motor vehicle”. In clause (4), the words “the Commonwealth of” are omitted for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
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Editorial Notes
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Amendments1998—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, § 4003(a)(1), inserted “or gross vehicle weight” after “rating” and substituted “10,001 pounds, whichever is greater” for “10,000 pounds”. Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, § 4003(a)(2), inserted “and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under section 5103” before period at end.
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Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
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Savings ClausePub. L. 105–178, title IV, § 4003(h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 398, provided that: “Amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 31102 to 31104 of this title] shall not affect any funds made available before the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998].”
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