Fabio
100 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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type: "Bill"
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title: "Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause."
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description: "Synthetic digital content; penalty; work group. Expands the applicability of provisions related to defamation, slander, and libel to include synthetic digital content, defined in the bill. The bill makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person to use any synthetic digital content for the purpose of committing any criminal offense involving fraud, constituting a separate and distinct offense with punishment separate and apart from any punishment received for the commission of the primary criminal offense. The bill also authorizes the individual depicted in the synthetic digital content to bring a civil action against the person who violates such prohibition to recover actual damages, reasonable attorney fees, and such other relief as the court determines to be appropriate. The bill directs the Attorney General to convene a work group to study and make recommendations on the current enforcement of laws related to the use of synthetic digital content, including deepfakes, and any further action needed to address the issue of such use in fraudulent acts. The substantive provisions of the bill do not become effective unless reenacted by the 2026 Session of the General Assembly and the provisions directing the Attorney General to convene a work group become effective in due course. This bill is identical to SB 1053."
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jurisdiction: "us/states/va"
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legislature: "Virginia General Assembly"
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session: "2025"
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identifier: "HB 2124"
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citation: "Virginia HB 2124 (2025)"
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classification: ["bill"]
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subjects: []
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status: "enacted"
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primary_sponsors: ["Michelle Lopes Maldonado"]
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version_count: 5
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action_count: 30
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vote_count: 7
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first_action: "2025-01-07"
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last_action: "2025-03-24"
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source: "openstates"
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source_identifier: "ocd-bill/c7e8ca71-d2bd-4b4a-a17e-1080f9e4d7df"
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source_url: "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2124"
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source_hash: "e4a4338ea4267b49103c76327f5a5817f0a7ad5448a42e0685327430a44e1ec4"
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vintage: "2026-07-01"
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source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
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retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
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confidence: "reported"
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tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-va"]
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---
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# Virginia HB 2124 (2025) — Synthetic digital content; definition, penalty, report, effective clause.
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Synthetic digital content; penalty; work group. Expands the applicability of provisions related to defamation, slander, and libel to include synthetic digital content, defined in the bill. The bill makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person to use any synthetic digital content for the purpose of committing any criminal offense involving fraud, constituting a separate and distinct offense with punishment separate and apart from any punishment received for the commission of the primary criminal offense. The bill also authorizes the individual depicted in the synthetic digital content to bring a civil action against the person who violates such prohibition to recover actual damages, reasonable attorney fees, and such other relief as the court determines to be appropriate. The bill directs the Attorney General to convene a work group to study and make recommendations on the current enforcement of laws related to the use of synthetic digital content, including deepfakes, and any further action needed to address the issue of such use in fraudulent acts. The substantive provisions of the bill do not become effective unless reenacted by the 2026 Session of the General Assembly and the provisions directing the Attorney General to convene a work group become effective in due course. This bill is identical to SB 1053.
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## Version chain
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The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.
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1. **Introduced** (filed) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1015191.PDF)
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2. **Chaptered** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1074131.PDF)
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3. **Courts of Justice Amendment** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1046329.HTML)
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4. **Senate Amendment** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1048705.HTML)
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5. **Enrolled** (enrolled) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1054355.PDF)
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## Votes
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- Senate Amendment agreed to by House (Y-88 N-7 A-0) — **88–7** (pass) · lower
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- Passed Senate (39-Y 0-N) — **39–0** (pass) · upper
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- Read third time and passed House (87-Y 9-N) — **87–9** (pass) · lower
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- Reported from Communications, Technology and Innovation (20-Y 2-N) — **20–2** (pass) · lower
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- Subcommittee recommends reporting (9-Y 1-N) — **9–1** (pass) · lower
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- Reported from Courts of Justice with amendment (15-Y 0-N) — **15–0** (pass) · upper
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- Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N) — **40–0** (pass) · upper
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## Sponsors
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- Michelle Lopes Maldonado — primary (person)
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- Elizabeth B. Bennett-Parker — cosponsor (person)
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- Irene Shin — cosponsor (person)
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- Jackie H. Glass — cosponsor (person)
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## Timeline
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The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.
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- **2025-01-07** Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-13-2025 25101882D `filing, introduction`
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- **2025-01-07** Referred to Committee on Communications, Technology and Innovation `referral-committee`
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- **2025-01-16** Assigned CT & I sub: Technology and Innovation `referral-committee`
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- **2025-01-20** Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2124)
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- **2025-01-22** Subcommittee recommends reporting (9-Y 1-N)
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- **2025-01-27** Reported from Communications, Technology and Innovation (20-Y 2-N) `committee-passage`
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- **2025-01-29** Read first time `reading-1`
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- **2025-01-30** Read second time and engrossed `reading-2`
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- **2025-01-31** Read third time and passed House (87-Y 9-N) `passage, reading-3`
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- **2025-02-03** Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)
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- **2025-02-03** Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice `referral-committee`
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- **2025-02-10** Reported from Courts of Justice with amendment (15-Y 0-N) `committee-passage`
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- **2025-02-11** Rules suspended
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- **2025-02-11** Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N)
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- **2025-02-11** Passed by for the day
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- **2025-02-12** Read third time `reading-3`
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- **2025-02-12** Reading of amendment waived
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- **2025-02-12** Courts of Justice Amendment agreed to `amendment-passage`
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- **2025-02-12** Engrossed by Senate as amended
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- **2025-02-12** Passed Senate with amendment (39-Y 0-N) `passage`
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- **2025-02-14** Senate Amendment agreed to by House (Y-88 N-7 A-0) `amendment-passage`
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- **2025-02-19** Enrolled `enrolled`
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- **2025-02-19** Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB2124ER) `passage`
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- **2025-02-19** Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2124)
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- **2025-02-19** Signed by Speaker `passage`
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- **2025-02-22** Signed by President `passage`
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- **2025-03-03** Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 3, 2025 `enrolled, executive-receipt`
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- **2025-03-03** Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., March 24, 2025 `executive-receipt`
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- **2025-03-24** Approved by Governor-Chapter 398 (Effective - see bill ) `executive-signature`
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- **2025-03-24** Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0398)
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## Source
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OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/c7e8ca71-d2bd-4b4a-a17e-1080f9e4d7df`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Virginia legislature records).
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