republic-os/legislation/us/states/va/2026/sb-323.md

---
type: "Bill"
title: "Plastic firearms or receivers, etc., transfer, etc., prohibited; penalties."
description: "Manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, or possession of plastic firearms and unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 5 felony for any person who knowingly manufactures or assembles, imports, purchases, sells, transfers, or possesses any firearm that, after removal of all parts other than a major component, as defined in the bill, is not detectable as a firearm when subjected to inspection by the types of detection devices, including X-ray machines, commonly used at airports, government buildings, schools, correctional facilities, and other locations for security screening. The bill updates language regarding the types of detection devices that are used at such locations for detecting plastic firearms. Under current law, it is unlawful to manufacture, import, sell, transfer, or possess any plastic firearm and a violation is punishable as a Class 5 felony.The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to knowingly possess a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number or to knowingly import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any completed or unfinished frame or receiver, unless the completed or unfinished frame or receiver (i) is deemed to be a firearm pursuant to federal law and (ii) is imprinted with a valid serial number. The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to manufacture or assemble, cause to be manufactured or assembled, import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any firearm that is not imprinted with a valid serial number. The provisions of the bill prohibiting unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms have a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027; however, the provisions of the bill prohibiting the knowing possession of a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number have a delayed effective date of July 1, 2027. This bill is identical to HB 40."
jurisdiction: "us/states/va"
legislature: "Virginia General Assembly"
session: "2026"
identifier: "SB 323"
citation: "Virginia SB 323 (2026)"
classification: ["bill"]
subjects: []
status: "enacted"
primary_sponsors: ["Adam P. Ebbin"]
version_count: 5
action_count: 44
vote_count: 10
first_action: "2026-01-13"
last_action: "2026-04-10"
source: "openstates"
source_identifier: "ocd-bill/dd171882-e7ef-4df9-bc17-044e69e26832"
source_url: "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/SB323"
source_hash: "bb42b348f180b7cb70f97621a21cc8f391fb21720149a200ba7b33a4b0ab4268"
vintage: "2026-07-01"
source_snapshot: "https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump"
retrieved_at: "2026-07-06"
confidence: "reported"
tags: ["legislation", "bill", "us-va"]
---

# Virginia SB 323 (2026) — Plastic firearms or receivers, etc., transfer, etc., prohibited; penalties.

Manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, or possession of plastic firearms and unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 5 felony for any person who knowingly manufactures or assembles, imports, purchases, sells, transfers, or possesses any firearm that, after removal of all parts other than a major component, as defined in the bill, is not detectable as a firearm when subjected to inspection by the types of detection devices, including X-ray machines, commonly used at airports, government buildings, schools, correctional facilities, and other locations for security screening. The bill updates language regarding the types of detection devices that are used at such locations for detecting plastic firearms. Under current law, it is unlawful to manufacture, import, sell, transfer, or possess any plastic firearm and a violation is punishable as a Class 5 felony.The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to knowingly possess a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number or to knowingly import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any completed or unfinished frame or receiver, unless the completed or unfinished frame or receiver (i) is deemed to be a firearm pursuant to federal law and (ii) is imprinted with a valid serial number. The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to manufacture or assemble, cause to be manufactured or assembled, import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any firearm that is not imprinted with a valid serial number. The provisions of the bill prohibiting unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms have a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027; however, the provisions of the bill prohibiting the knowing possession of a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number have a delayed effective date of July 1, 2027. This bill is identical to HB 40.

## Version chain

The bill's text revisions, in order — the diff chain from filing to enrollment.

1. **Introduced** (filed) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1089620.PDF)
2. **Chaptered** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1218333.PDF)
3. **Conference Report** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1211471.HTML)
4. **Public Safety Substitute** (committee substitute) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1148759.PDF)
5. **Enrolled** (enrolled) — [source](https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1214602.PDF)

## Votes

- Concur House Substitute R — **0–39** (fail) · upper
- Accede Conference Committee R — **35–3** (pass) · upper
- H VOTE: — **62–35** (pass) · lower
- Adopt Conference Committee Report R — **21–18** (pass) · upper
- Reported from Public Safety with substitute — **13–7** (pass) · lower
- Passage R — **21–19** (pass) · upper
- Reported from Finance and Appropriations — **10–5** (pass) · upper
- Reported from Courts of Justice — **9–5** (pass) · upper
- Constitutional reading dispensed R — **40–0** (pass) · upper
- H VOTE: — **62–35** (pass) · lower

## Sponsors

- Adam P. Ebbin — primary (person)
- Kannan Srinivasan — cosponsor (person)
- Michael J. Jones — cosponsor (person)
- Scott A. Surovell — cosponsor (person)

## Timeline

The legislative action history — every referral, reading, and vote.

- **2026-01-13** Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26100243D `filing, introduction`
- **2026-01-13** Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice `referral-committee`
- **2026-01-20** Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (1/20/2026 2:04 pm)
- **2026-01-20** Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB323)
- **2026-01-26** Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 5-N) `committee-passage`
- **2026-02-04** Reported from Finance and Appropriations (10-Y 5-N) `committee-passage`
- **2026-02-05** Rules suspended
- **2026-02-05** Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)
- **2026-02-05** Passed by for the day (Voice Vote)
- **2026-02-06** Read second time `reading-2`
- **2026-02-06** Engrossed by Senate (Voice Vote)
- **2026-02-09** Read third time and passed Senate (21-Y 19-N 0-A) `passage, reading-3`
- **2026-02-12** Placed on Calendar
- **2026-02-12** Read first time `reading-1`
- **2026-02-12** Referred to Committee on Public Safety `referral-committee`
- **2026-02-13** Reported from Public Safety with substitute (13-Y 7-N) `committee-passage`
- **2026-02-13** Committee substitute printed 26108019D-H1 `substitution`
- **2026-02-15** Read second time `reading-2`
- **2026-02-16** Read third time `reading-3`
- **2026-02-16** committee substitute agreed to `substitution`
- **2026-02-16** Engrossed by House - committee substitute `substitution`
- **2026-02-16** Passed House with substitute (62-Y 35-N 0-A) `passage`
- **2026-02-16** Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB323)
- **2026-02-17** Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (2/17/2026 9:51 am)
- **2026-02-18** House substitute rejected by Senate
- **2026-02-19** House insisted on substitute `substitution`
- **2026-02-19** House requested conference committee `referral-committee`
- **2026-02-23** Senate acceded to request (35-Y 3-N 0-A)
- **2026-02-23** Conferees appointed by Senate
- **2026-02-23** Senate Conferees: Surovell, Jones, Obenshain
- **2026-02-24** Conferees appointed by House
- **2026-02-24** House Conferees: Simon, McPike, Phillips
- **2026-03-14** Conference Report released
- **2026-03-14** Conference report agreed to by House (62-Y 35-N 0-A) `committee-passage-favorable`
- **2026-03-14** Conference report agreed to by Senate (21-Y 18-N 0-A) `committee-passage-favorable`
- **2026-03-30** Enrolled `enrolled`
- **2026-03-30** Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB323ER) `passage`
- **2026-03-30** Signed by President `passage`
- **2026-03-31** Signed by Speaker `passage`
- **2026-03-31** Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026 `enrolled, executive-receipt`
- **2026-03-31** Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026 `executive-receipt`
- **2026-04-01** Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB323)
- **2026-04-10** Approved by Governor-Chapter532 (Effective -see bill) `executive-signature`
- **2026-04-10** Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0532)

## Source

OpenStates / OpenCivicData bulk snapshot [2026-07-01](https://data.openstates.org/daily/2026-07-01/public.pgdump); origin `ocd-bill/dd171882-e7ef-4df9-bc17-044e69e26832`. Confidence: reported (aggregated from official Virginia legislature records).